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A multicenter comparison of tap water versus sterile saline for wound irrigation.
作者： Moscati RM；Mayrose J；Reardon RF；Janicke DM；Jehle DV ；
出处： Acad Emerg Med.2007V14N5 :404-9
Keywords:wound irrigation;tap water;saline;infections
ObjectivesTo compare wound infection rates for irrigation with tap water versus sterile saline before closure of wounds in the emergency department.
MethodsThe study was a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial conducted at two Level 1 urban hospitals and a suburban community hospital. Subjects were a convenience sample of adults presenting with acute simple lacerations requiring sutures or staples. Subjects were randomized to irrigation in a sink with tap water or with normal saline using a sterile syringe. Wounds were closed in the standard fashion. Subjects were asked to return to the emergency department for suture removal. Those who did not return were contacted by telephone. Wounds were considered infected if there was early removal of sutures or staples, if there was irrigation and drainage of the wound, or if the subject needed to be placed on antibiotics. Equivalence of the groups was met if there was less than a doubling of the infection rate.
ResultsA total of 715 subjects were enrolled in the study. Follow-up data were obtained on 634 (88%) of enrolled subjects. Twelve (4%) of the 300 subjects in the tap water group had wound infections, compared with 11 (3.3%) of the 334 subjects in the saline group. The relative risk was 1.21 (95% confidence interval = 0.5 to 2.7).
ConclusionsEquivalent rates of wound infection were found using either irrigant. The results of this multicenter trial evaluating tap water as an irrigant agree with those from previous single institution trials.
楚楚老师实在太慷慨了！，同时也无比地钦佩您的批判性思维和扩展思维。硬着头皮用谷歌快速看了下原文。
本研究选取了2个不同城市的2家1级创伤中心，和一家郊区社区医院。原文如下：
A total of 715 subjects were enrolled in the study. There were 377 subjects enrolled at Erie County Medical Center from June 1999 to August 2003, 216 subjects enrolled at Hennepin County Medical Center from August 1999 to December 2000, and 122 subjects enrolled at Millard Fillmore Suburban Hospital between September 2000 and December 2002.
百度了一下这几家医院所在城市的地理位置如下：
伊利县医疗中心：伊利县（Erie County, Pennsylvania）是美国宾夕法尼亚州西北部的一个县，地处美国东北部著名五大淡水湖群的伊利湖畔。属美国东海岸大陆性气候。
亨内平县医疗中心：明尼阿波利斯（英语：Minneapolis）是美国明尼苏达州最大的城市，该州东南部亨内平县的县治。位于密西西比河的两岸,明尼阿波利斯的历史与经济发展都与水密切相关，明尼阿波利斯的水域面积为58.4平方英里（151.3平方公里），冬季严寒并且干燥，而夏季温暖，有时炎热，而且常常很潮湿。属于夏季温暖的湿润性大陆气候。
米勒德·菲尔莫尔郊区医院：没有找到直接的，看了一些资料，猜测是在纽约州，布法罗布法罗(Buffalo)，是美国纽约州西部伊利湖东岸的港口城市，位于尼亚加拉河南口，西与加拿大伊利堡隔尼亚加拉河相望。
以上查到的内容不知有无错误之处。
还有您所提及的关于两国自来水质量标准的问题，这个还是期待其它老师来参与解答吧。原文中有这么一段话：
It has been proven that wounds become infected when they contain more than 105（5是上标） bacteria per gram of tissue.Drinking-quality TW contains an insufficient number of bacteria to cause wound infection. The few bacteria isolated from TW are not skin pathogens.This makes it unlikely that exposure to TW would itself cause infection.
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发表于 2013-5-10 10:15
发表于 2013-6-25 17:22
，同时也无比地钦佩您的批判性思维和扩展思维。硬着头皮用谷歌快速看了下原文。