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本帖最后由 wshh1975 于 2011-6-20 10:12 编辑
关于透析用水及透析液的监测标准
询问血液透析专家,透析液细菌数达2000cfu/ml 是很危险的。
隐秀 发表于 2009-2-13 11:08
个人认为。这是有关血液透析所谓专家的夸大其辞,实际上,美国关于血液透析的标准ANSI/AMMI RD 5-1992与ANSI/AMMI RD 47-1993Z中关于透析液的微生物标准均为<2000cfu/ml,具体可见SIFIC翻译的美国2003年版的《卫生保健机构的环境感染控制指南》.
美国也只是在2004年修订的ANSI/AMMI RD52中才将透析液的标准定为<200cfu/ml.
以下为标准原文:
In addition to the risk of acute pyrogenic reactions, indirect evidence increasingly shows that chronic exposure to low amounts of endotoxin may play a role in some of the long-term complications of hemodialysis therapy. Patients treated with ultrafiltered dialysate have demonstrated a decrease in serum β2-microglobulin concentrations (Quellhorst, 1998), a decrease in markers of inflammation (Schindler, et al., 1994; Sitter, et al., 2000; Schiffl, et al.,2001), and an increased responsiveness to erythropoietin (Sitter, et al., 2000; Spittle, 2001; Matsuhashi and Yoshioka, 2002). In longer-term studies, use of microbiologically ultrapure dialysate has been associated with a decreased incidence of β2-microglobulin-associated amyloidosis (Baz, et al., 1991; Kleophas, et al., 1998; Schiffl,et al., 2000), better preservation of residual renal function (McKane, et al., 2002; Schiffl, et al., 2002), and improved nutritional status (Schiffl, et al., 2001). For those reasons, the committee reduced the recommended maximum microbial count in the dialysate to 200 CFU/mL and added a recommendation that the endotoxin concentration not exceed 2 EU/mL. The values are the same as those for water used to prepare the dialysate (ANSI/AAMI RD62:2001),implying that the dialysate proportioning system should not add significantly to the microbiological burden in the water.Although the committee did not review supporting data, it considered contemporary dialysate delivery systems to be fully capable of performing at this level provided that the user followed the manufacturer’s instructions on cleaning and disinfecting the system, including disinfection of the line between the water distribution system and the concentrate mixing chambers of the dialysate proportioning system. |
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