多位老师给出了我们国家规范的要求,无疑,这必须是遵守的。
美国的规范如何?摘录几段供大家参考
1) AAMI ST79 的第7章(7 Cleaning, disinfection (microbicidal processes) andother decontamination steps), 从章节标题(清洗、消毒(消杀微生物程序)及其他去污步骤)可以看出,他们把消毒(disinfection(microbicidal process))看做是去污(decontamination)的一部分。
2)在7.1节的总则中(Whenevercleaning is not sufficient to render an item safe for handling, the item is subjectedto a subsequent microbicidal process that has been designed to provide anappropriate level of microbial lethality sufficient to inactivate potentiallyinfectious or disease producing microorganisms. This process could be adisinfection process or a sterilization process. The microbicidal process maynot be effective if soil has not been first removed by cleaning. When used fordecontamination purposes, a microbicidal process is intended to render a devicesafe for handling and subsequent processing, but the level of microbialinactivation may not be sufficient for the intended use (as in the case ofsurgical instruments needed for sterile procedures))有一段说明:当清洗不足以使物品达到安全时,该物品将进行随后的杀微生物过程,该过程旨在提供适当水平的微生物致死率,足以灭活潜在的传染性或产生疾病的微生物。这个过程可以是消毒过程或灭菌过程。如果没有首先通过清洗去除污物,杀微生物过程可能不会有效。当用于去污目的时,杀微生物工艺旨在提高器械在操作和后续处理时的安全性,但微生物灭活水平可能不足以满足预期用途(如无菌手术所需的手术器械)。
3)在随后的段落里(Adherenceto the principles of infection prevention and control will help prevent thespread of potentially infectious or disease-producing microorganisms from oneperson to another and will help ensure that all items are safe for handlingduring inspection, assembly, preparation, and packaging)进一步说明:遵守感染预防和控制原则将有助于防止潜在传染性或产生疾病的微生物从一个人传播到另一个人,并将有助于确保在检查、组装、准备和包装过程中所有物品的处理都是安全的。
4)(To be rendered safe to handle, somemedical devices require only thorough cleaning; others, because of occupationalexposure considerations (such as ebola and Clostridiumdifficile), should becleaned and subjected to a microbicidal process.)为了确保操作安全,一些医疗设备只需要彻底清洗;其他的器械,由于职业接触的考虑(如埃博拉病毒和艰难梭菌),应进行清洗并进行杀灭微生物处理(注:杀灭微生物处理即消毒)。
5) (Somedevices can be prepared for patient reuse following the decontaminationprocess, whereas others should be prepared and subjected to terminalsterilization (e.g., steam sterilization of surgical instruments).)有些器械可以在去污后准备好供患者重复使用,而其他器械则应该准备好并进行最终灭菌(如:手术器械的蒸汽灭菌)。显然,“去污后供患者使用”中的“去污”包含了“消毒”的过程。
总结一下:
- 消毒,可以看做是去污工作的一部分。清洗是去除可见的微生物,消毒是去除不可见的微生物;
- 清洗后的消毒,也是为了保护后续工作中的包装人员免受职业暴露;
- 有些器械在去污(清洗+消毒)后可以供患者使用,但大多数的器械还是需要最终灭菌。
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