新生儿病房内的医院感染：世界各地案例对比综述

David · 发表于 2008-9-29 19:14

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J Hosp Infect. 2007 Apr;65(4):292-306. Epub 2007 Mar 12. Links
Healthcare-associated infections in neonatal units: lessons from contrasting worlds.
新生儿病房内的医院感染：世界各地案例对比综述
Srivastava S, Shetty N.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Health Protection Agency Collaborating Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.

Neonatal intensive care units are vulnerable to outbreaks and sporadic incidents of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). （新生儿重症监护室容易出现医院相关感染的散发和暴发。）The incidence and outcome of these infections are determined by the degree of immaturity of the neonatal immune system, invasive procedures involved, the aetiological agent and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and, above all, infection control policies practised by the unit.（感染的发生和结果由以下因素决定：新生儿免疫系统不成熟，侵入性操作，感染病原体，对抗生素的敏感性，首要因素是病区感控措施的执行情况。） It is important to raise awareness of infection control practices in resource-limited settings, since overdependence upon antimicrobial agents and co-existing lack of awareness of infection control is encouraging the emergence of multi-drug-resistant nosocomial pathogens. （尤其在资源受限的地方提高对感控措施的意识程度非常重要。因为过分依赖抗生素的同时又缺乏感控意识非常容易导致多重耐药菌的出现。）We reviewed 125 articles regarding HAIs from both advanced and resource-limited neonatal units in order to study risk factors, aetiological agents, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and reported successes in infection control interventions.（我们回顾了125篇涉及到医院感染的文献，从设备先进的到资源受限的新生儿病区，研究风险因素，病原体，抗生素敏感性和有报道的成功的感控干涉。） The articles include surveillance studies, outbreaks and sporadic incidents. .（文献包括监测和散发暴发案例。）Gram-positive cocci, viruses and fungi predominate in reports from the advanced units, while Gram-negative enteric rods, non-fermenters and fungi are commonly reported from resource-limited settings. (革兰阳性球菌，病毒和真菌感染主要报道于设备先进的新生儿室，而革兰阴性杆菌，非发酵菌和部分真菌常报道于资源受限的病房。)Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from surveillance studies determined the empirical therapy used in each neonatal unit. （从监测研究中得到的抗生素敏感谱决定了病房经验用药的种类。）Most outbreaks, irrespective of the technical facilities available, were traced to specific lack of infection control practices. （大多数暴发，无论设备先进与否，都可以最终追溯到某一感控措施缺失而导致暴发。）We discuss infection control interventions, with special emphasis on their applicability in resource-limited settings.（我们导论了感控措施的干涉，特别强调了在资源受限制的地方的可行性。） Cost-effective measures for implementing these interventions, with particular reference to the recognition of the role of the microbiologist, the infection control team and antibiotic policies are presented. （这些措施的成本效益分析，微生物学家、感控团队和抗生素政策在其中的作用也有阐述。）