蓝鱼o_0 发表于 2012-1-2 14:33
我们没有针对肠道病毒做过实验。根据规范,一般选择脊灰实验来验证消毒剂对病毒的效果。
而手消产品一般是 ...
而且2009年我着手翻译了WHO网站上发布的“手卫生常见问题答疑”,印制在SIFIC第一本自编书“SIFIC常见问题释疑”这本书中,该问题原文及翻译稿(这是几年前的翻译稿,水平有限,现在看存在不少不足,请包涵)如下:
Q: IS IT TRUE THAT ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUBS ARE NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST SOME IMPORTANT PATHOGENS, FOR EXAMPLE, CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE AND NOROVIRUS?
Clostridium difficile: no agent used in hand hygiene preparations, including alcohol-based handrubs, is effective against the spores of Clostridium difficile. During outbreaks of C. difficile-related infections it is preferable to wash hands with soap and water following glove removal after caring for patients with diarrhoea. Alcohol-based handrubs can then be used after handwashing in these instances.
Norovirus: the efficacy of alcohol-based handrubs against noroviruses varies with type and concentration of alcohol in the formulation, with a minimum 60% (v/v) concentration of ethanol required for good activity. WHO experts recommend the use of alcohol-based handrubs during outbreaks of noroviral gastroenteritis.
Whether alcohol is effective against microbes such as Clostridium difficile and norovirus can divert attention from a much overlooked issue. Alcohol-based handrubs play a critical role in mass behaviour change and health improvement. Discouraging their widespread use in response to diarrhoeal infections, will only jeopardize overall patient safety in the long term. Appropriate use and removal of gloves is crucial when dealing with patients with diarrhoeal illness, followed by hand washing with soap and water in case of C. difficile outbreaks.
Alcohol-based handrub should be used in all other instances, providing a constant safety net to protect patients from the multitude of harmful resistant and non-resistant organisms transmitted by the hands of health-care workers.
酒精揉搓剂是否对某些重要的病原体如艰难梭菌、诺如病毒无效?
艰难梭菌:手卫生制剂中没有制剂,包括酒精揉搓剂,都对艰难梭菌的孢子有效。在艰难梭菌引起的暴发感染中,照护腹泻患者时应该戴手套,并在摘除手套后使用肥皂和水洗手。在这些情况下,可以在洗手后再使用酒精揉搓剂。
诺如病毒:酒精揉搓剂对诺如病毒的效果与其类型和浓度有关,60%以上的乙醇具有较好的活性。在诺如病毒腹泻暴发期间,WHO的专家推荐使用酒精揉搓剂。
可通过一个被忽视的问题来看待酒精是否对艰难梭菌和诺如病毒有效的问题。酒精揉搓剂在大规模行为改变和健康促进中扮演了一个重要的角色。从长期来说,阻碍它们在腹泻感染中的广泛应用,只会危害到患者的安全。在处理腹泻患者时,关键在于恰当的使用和移除手套,若出现艰难梭菌暴发感染时应接着使用肥皂和流水洗手。
酒精揉搓剂在其余情况下也都能提供一个持久的安全网,以保护患者免受多种耐药或非耐药微生物经手传播的危害。
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