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是美国ASHP关于手术预防性使用抗生素指南《ASHP Therapeutic Guidelines on Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery》中关于清洁手术能否预防性使用抗生素的部分内容,以及我对涉及本帖内容部分的翻译。比较仓促,错误之处望指正。
? Clean surgical procedures (primarily closed, elective procedures involving no acute inflammation, no break in technique, and no transection of gastrointestinal [GI], oropharyngeal, genitourinary [GU], biliary, or tracheobronchial tracts)
? Clean-contaminated procedures (procedures involving transection of GI, oropharyngeal, GU, biliary, or tracheobronchial
tracts with minimal spillage or with minor breaks in technique; clean procedures performed emergently or with major breaks in technique; reoperation of clean surgery within seven days; or procedures following blunt trauma)
? Contaminated procedures (clean-contaminated procedures during which acute, nonpurulent inflammation is encountered or major spillage or technique break occurs; procedures performed within four hours of penetrating trauma or involving a chronic open wound)
? Dirty procedures (procedures performed when there is obvious preexisting infection [abscess, pus, necrotic tissue present]; preoperative perforation of GI, oropharyngeal, biliary, or tracheobronchial tracts; or penetrating trauma greater than four hours old)
Typically, prophylactic antimicrobials are not indicated for clean surgical procedures. However, prophylaxis is justified for procedures involving prosthetic placement because of the potential for severe complications if postoperative infections involve the prosthesis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is justified for the following types of surgical procedures: cardiothoracic, GI tract (e.g., colorectal and biliary tract operations), head and neck (except clean procedures), neurosurgical, obstetric or gynecologic, orthopedic (except clean procedures), urologic, and vascular. The use of antimicrobials for dirty and contaminated procedures is not classified as prophylaxis but as treatment for a presumed infection; therefore, dirty and contaminated procedures are not discussed in these guidelines.30
典型的,清洁手术操作无需预防性使用抗生素。但是,如果手术包含假体植入(补片放置),那预防性使用抗生素是正当的,因为存在涉及假体(或以为修补物)的术后严重感染并发症发生的可能性。预防性使用抗生素在以下几种类型的手术中使用是合理的:心胸手术、胃肠道手术(如结肠直肠和胆道手术)、头颈部手术(清洁手术除外)、神经科手术、妇产科手术、整形外科手术(清洁手术除外)、泌尿道手术和血管手术。
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