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id the End of Smallpox Vaccination Cause the Explosive Spread of HIV?
停止种痘导致艾滋病的爆发？
译者：Docofsoul
ScienceDaily (May 17, 2010) — Vaccinia immunization, as given to prevent the spread of smallpox, produces a five-fold reduction in HIV replication in the laboratory. Researchers writing in the open access journal BMC Immunology suggest that the end of smallpox vaccination in the mid-20th century may have caused a loss of protection that contributed to the rapid contemporary spread of HIV.
《科学日报》（ScienceDaily）2010年5月`17日报道 —— 用于预防天花扩散的牛痘接种，在实验室中使HIV复制减少了五倍。研究者在供开架浏览的英国医学委员会（BMC）《免疫学》杂志上发表的报告中提出：二十世纪中期天花疫苗种植的结束导致人类失去保护，使得HIV在当代得以快速传播。
Raymond Weinstein, a family doctor turned laboratory scientist at George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, worked with a team of researchers from George Washington University and UCLA. The researchers looked at the ability of white blood cells taken from people recently immunized with vaccinia to support HIV replication compared to unvaccinated controls. They found significantly lower viral replication in blood cells from vaccinated individuals.
雷蒙德?温斯坦（Raymond Weinstein）原是家庭医生，后改行成为美国乔治梅森大学弗吉尼亚州马纳萨斯分校实验室科学家。他与来自乔治?华盛顿大学与加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员组成了一支研究团队。该团队从新近接种牛痘的实验组对象提取了白细胞，细胞用以培养支持HIV复制，然后与来自未接种牛痘的对照组对象的白细胞支持HIV复制情况作比较。结果发现，HIV在来自于实验组对象的白细胞中复制能力下降极为明显。
Weinstein said, "There have been several proposed explanations for the rapid spread of HIV in Africa, including wars, the reuse of unsterilized needles and the contamination of early batches of polio vaccine. However, all of these have been either disproved or do not sufficiently explain the behavior of the HIV pandemic. Our finding that prior immunization with vaccinia virus may provide an individual with some degree of protection to subsequent HIV infection suggests that the withdrawal of such vaccination may be a partial explanation."
温斯坦说：“非洲HIV快速传播业已有几种解释：战争、未消毒针头的重复使用以及早期几批脊髓灰质炎疫苗的污染等。不过，所有这些解释要么已经被否定、要么无法充分解释HIV流行的原因。我们对牛痘病毒优先免疫可能为个体提供某种程度的HIV感染保护的发现则提示了：撤消牛痘种植可能部分解释了HIV快速传播的原因。”
Smallpox immunization was gradually withdrawn from the 1950s to the 1970s following the worldwide eradication of the disease, and HIV has been spreading exponentially since approximately the same time period. Weinstein and his colleagues propose that vaccination may confer protection against HIV by producing long term alterations in the immune system, possibly including the expression of a certain receptor, CCR5, on the surface of a person's white blood cells which is exploited by both viruses.
在全世界消灭了天花之后，天花免疫措施从上世纪五十年代到七十年代就逐渐被撤消了。而大约在同一时期，艾滋病毒开始以指数级速度扩散。温期坦及其同事提出：种痘有可能通过在免疫系统中产生长效改变（可能包括通过在个体白细胞表面一特定受体CCR5的表达来完成，而白细胞表面正是牛痘病毒与HIV感染时都需要利用的区域）来对抗HIV感染从而达到保护个体的目的。
Speaking about the results, Weinstein said, "While these results are very interesting and hopefully may lead to a new weapon against the HIV pandemic, they are very preliminary and it is far too soon to recommend the general use of vaccinia immunization for fighting HIV."
谈及该研究结果时，温斯坦说：“虽然这些结果非常令人感兴趣，并有希望为人类提供对抗HIV流行的新型武器，但毕竟非常初步；现在要求普及种痘免疫来对抗艾滋病实在为时过早。”
（Docofsoul译于2010-5-18）
Photograph of a Nigerian child being immunized during the Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control Program of West Africa in 1960. (Credit: CDC/Dr. J.D. Millar)
图片显示： 1960年西非《根除天花与控制麻疹计划》期间，尼日利亚儿童接受免疫接种。（图片来源：CDC/J.D.Millar博士）
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