本帖最后由 欢乐天空 于 2010-4-8 12:11 编辑
使用医用清洁剂的目的,基本就是让不溶于水的污染物,经过清洁剂而能容于水中,然后被水带走。而有些污染可以直接溶于水,清洁剂能发挥的功能自然就小。以下提供各位老师有关医院清洁剂的国外研究,可以有更高的角度来审度清洁剂产品;
提供以下國外研究給大家參考;
The definition and properties of enzymes
All enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes. Enzymes are distinguished from other proteins by their ability to catalyze certain chemical reactions. A catalyst is defined as a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed in the overall reaction. In detergents, enzymes known as proteases can break up proteins from blood and leftover tissues into component units (termed amino acids) or short chains of amino acids (termed peptides). Amino acids and peptides are more water soluble than intact proteins, therefore they are much easier to remove.
酶的定义和特性
所有的酶都是蛋白质,但不是所有的蛋白质都是酶。酶与其他蛋白质的区别在于其催化某些化学反应的能力。催化剂是指可加速化学反应而不会在总反应中被消耗的物质。在洗涤剂中,酶被认为是可以将来自血液和残余组织的蛋白质分解成组成单元(被称为氨基酸)或氨基酸短链(被称为多肽)的蛋白酶。与完整的蛋白质相比,氨基酸和多肽更易溶于水,因此更容易清除。
The benefits associated with incorporation of enzymes into detergents
Enzymes enhance detergent cleaning by breaking down large, hard to remove materials into smaller, easy to remove fragments. There are three basic types of enzymes used in detergents: proteases, amylases, and lipases. Proteases are the most important type of enzyme to look for when choosing an enzymatic detergent for medical use because there is a high content of protein in most body fluids (including blood, tissue and mucous) which cannot be easily removed with regular detergents/surfactants and water. Proteases break down protein into individual amino acids or short strings of amino acids (peptides). Amino acids and peptides are much more soluble in water and will float away from the surface of the instrument. Amylases are not essential components in enzymatic detergents because they have limited action on carbohydrates/starches. In addition, carbohydrates/starches are very soluble in water and tend to be easy to remove with most detergents/surfactants and water. Lipases in concert with bile are useful for removing lipids/fats in the body (in vivo), however, outside the body (in vitro) lipases have limited effectiveness. Lipases are soluble in water and lipids are insoluble in water. The lipase has to mix with the lipid in order to break it up via hydrolysis. Since hydrolysis only occurs at the interface between the lipid droplet and the aqueous phase (water), this reaction is relatively slow and ineffective. Appropriate detergents/surfactants are more effective at removing lipids from medical instruments than lipases.
在洗涤剂中加入酶的益处
酶通过将大的、难以去除的物质分解成小的、易于去除的碎片,从而增强了洗洁精清洁力。在洗涤剂用了三种基本类型的酶:蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶。在选择医用酶洗涤剂时,蛋白酶是所需要的最重要的一种酶,因为在大多数体液(包括血液,组织和粘膜)中含有大量蛋白质,这是常规洗涤剂/表面活性剂和水难以去除的。蛋白酶将蛋白质分解成单个氨基酸或氨基酸短链(多肽)。氨基酸和多肽更易溶于水,而且会从仪器表面浮起来。淀粉酶不是酶洗涤剂必需成分,因为它们对碳水化合物/淀粉的活性有限。此外,碳水化合物/淀粉非常易溶于水,且大部分的洗涤剂/表面活性剂和水都很容易将其去除。脂肪酶与胆汁一起有助于去除体内(活体内)的脂质/脂肪,但在体外(活体外),脂肪酶的效力有限。脂肪酶可溶于水,而脂质不溶于水。为了通过水解作用将脂质分解,脂肪酶必须与脂质混合。由于水解作用只发生在脂滴和水相(水)之间的接触面,因此这种反应相对缓慢和无效。适当的洗涤剂/表面活性剂比脂肪酶更能有效的从医疗器械上去除脂肪。 |