实体器官移植(solid organ transplantation,SOT)患者活动性结核病的发生率高,是一般人群20~74 倍,发达国家中发生率为1.2%~6.4% ,结核病流行高发区可高达12%。不同器官移植发生率有所不同,肝移植受者发生率仅次于肺移植、肾移植患者,对肝移植后反复发热常规抗感染效果不佳者,临床上应考虑结核病可能。超过2/3的SOT受者的活动性结核发生在移植术后第1年;大多数为陈旧性病灶感染重新激活,也有可能通过移植从SOT供者中感染(即供者来源感染DDI),尤其是术后1月内出现的结核感染。供者来源结核感染(DDTB)在肾、肝和肺移植中均有报道。
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