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The Norway Institute of Public Health announced Nov. 20 that researchers have found a mutation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in two individuals who died of the disease and one with a very serious infection.
Questioned about this during the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s weekly H1N1 influenza press briefing, Dr. Anne Schuchat said that the CDC is tracking this development closely, and has determined that this mutation has no implications for the protection provided by the vaccine or the effectiveness of antiviral medications.
“This mutation has been seen sporadically,” said Dr. Schuchat, director of the U.S. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. “It’s been seen here and there around the world. Sometimes it’s been seen in patients who had very mild disease and sometimes it’s been seen in people who had more severe or fatal disease.” Similarly, the common H1N1 virus variant has been seen in both mild and severe disease.
While there is some reason to believe that the mutation may result in infections that are deeper in the lung, lower respiratory infections have also been observed with the more common H1N1 variants.
“I think it’s just too soon for us to say what this is going to mean long term,” Dr. Schuchat said. “It’s an important finding for the influenza virologists, and they’re looking into it. But I don’t think it yet has the public health implications that we would wonder about.”
She continued, “We know that influenza viruses are constantly changing. What we do know is that as our laboratory scientists look at hundreds or thousands of influenza viruses from this H1N1 strain, we are not seeing changes that alter the vaccine protection.”
In other pandemic influenza developments, Dr. Schuchat said:
– An additional 11 million doses of the H1N1 influenza vaccine were made available within the last week, bringing the total to 54.1 million doses. In addition, 94.5 million doses of the seasonal influenza vaccine have been distributed.
– There have been 171 laboratory-confirmed deaths of children due to H1N1 influenza, although the true total is probably higher. In two-thirds of these deaths, the child had an underlying problem like asthma or muscular dystrophy.
Among the one-third of children with no significant comorbidity, secondary bacterial pneumonia tended to be a common factor. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been implicated in some of these co-infections, and pneumococcus has been implicated in others.
“When we see these reports of bacterial co-infection causing fatal disease both in children and in adults, it’s a reminder that clinicians need to think about antibiotics in addition to the antivirals,” Dr. Schuchat said. And she recommended that both children and adults obtain the highly effective – and easily available – pneumococcal vaccine. “We really underuse that vaccine given how common the pneumococcal infections are, particularly following flu,” she said.
Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Global Medical News. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
挪威公共卫生研究院于11月20日报道称,研究人员已在2名死者和1名严重感染者身上发现一种大流行性甲型流感(H1N1)病毒株变异。
在美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)每周举行的H1N1新闻发布会上,当提及这一问题时,美国国家免疫和呼吸疾病中心主任Anne Schuchat博士说,CDC正在密切关注该方面进展,并已明确现有疫苗的保护作用和抗病毒治疗的效果并不会受到该变异的影响。
Schuchat博士说,“该变异是散发的,在世界各地均有发生。有时见于病情轻微的患者,有时见于病情严重甚至为致死性的患者。”其他常见的H1N1病毒株变异也可见于轻症或重症患者。
但是,有理由相信该变异可导致肺脏深部感染。其他更常见的H1N1变异也会导致下呼吸道感染。
“我想,现在就其长期影响下结论还为时尚早。”Schuchat博士说,“对于病毒学家来说,这是一个重要的发现,他们可以就此开展深入的研究。但对于公共卫生的影响并不大。”
她接着说到,“我们知道流感病毒一直在变化着。我们还知道,当我们的实验室科学家已找到成百上千种H1N1病毒株时,疫苗的保护作用仍未改变。”
提到大流行性流感的其他进展时,Schuchat博士说:
-截止上周,又生产了1,100万剂H1N1流感疫苗,目前可用量总计达5,410万剂。此外,已经发放了9,450万剂季节性流感疫苗。
-有171例经实验室确诊的H1N1流感儿童死亡病例,真实数字可能更多。2/3的死亡儿童合并有基础疾病,如哮喘、肌营养不良症。
在1/3没有明显合并疾病的死亡病例中,继发细菌性肺炎可能是常见死亡原因。在一些病例中发现合并感染了金黄色葡萄球菌(包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,MRSA),在另一些病例中发现了肺炎球菌。
Schuchat说,“当我们看到这些成人、儿童合并细菌感染的死亡病例时,这提醒我们临床医师除了使用抗病毒药物以外,也要考虑使用抗生素治疗。”她建议儿童和成人都要接种高效、便捷的肺炎球菌疫苗。“考虑到肺炎球菌感染是多么常见,尤其是在伴随流感时,我们真的没有充分利用肺炎球菌疫苗。” |