马上注册登录，享用更多感控资源，助你轻松入门。
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看，没有账号？注册
|
×
沙尘暴中的微生物组群研究
检索/翻译丨刘金淑（濮阳市油田总医院） 审核丨陈志锦（东莞市厚街医院） 以色列受到来自多个方向的沙尘和沙尘暴的侵袭， 撒哈拉沙漠、沙特阿拉伯、叙利亚沙漠分别冲击其东北部、西北部和西南部。这些风暴中带来的空气尘埃影响了人类和生态系统的健康。 魏兹曼科学研究所(WeizmannInstitute of Science)的一项新研究表明，一部分影晌可能并不是由于灰尘颗粒，而是附着在尘埃上的细菌，它们与风暴一起在空中移动。这些细菌中可能具有致病性，对人类或环境有害，甚至还有的细菌携带着抗生素耐药性基因。 经调查，来自撒哈拉沙漠沙尘暴的微生物与沙特阿拉伯及叙利亚沙漠沙尘暴的微生物不同，细菌群体与每个地区存在的环境条件之间存在联系。研究人员发现，在沙尘暴期间，大气中的细菌浓度和细菌数量急剧上升，因此在风暴中户外活动的人会比平常暴露于更多的细菌。 Rudich和他的团队随后研究了这些细菌中的基因，检查其抗生素耐药性——那些可能归结于抗生素使用增加而产生的，这是自然而然的，特别是来自土壤中的那些细菌。抗生素耐药性已被世界卫生组织定义为21世纪的主要全球卫生挑战之一，其主要动因是抗生素过度使用。细菌可以通过基因来抵抗抗生素，所以任何抵抗的来源都无不相关。从不同的沙尘暴中，有多少不同的抗菌素耐药性基因来到以色列?这些基因有多普遍? Rudich说，这项研究使研究人员能够根据抗生素耐药基因的流行程度来确定每一种细菌来源的“特征”，揭示了这些基因是当地还是从遥远的沙漠进口的。“我们发现，伴随着当地尘埃和远方进口尘埃的更多的‘混合’，进口抗生素抗性基因的作用因此降低。”换句话说，来自非洲或沙特阿拉伯的抗生素耐药性仍然是一个很小的威胁，与人类活动，特别是畜牧业的传播相比，其威胁很小。参与研究的还有以色列农业中心the VolcaniCentre的埃迪·塞特恩博士和耶路撒冷希伯来大学的伊格尔·埃尔尔教授。 城市空气污染在很大程度上归因于交通运输车辆的排放。Rudich和他的工作人员Michal pardo - levin博士探究这些来源对空气污染有何作用。他们的研究结果表明，主要并非来自燃烧引擎的污染，而是由汽车轮胎在道路上的摩擦和刹车系统的摩擦释放出来的污染，吸入可能会产生严重的健康影响。这就意味着，即使我们设法大幅减少汽车尾气排放，城市空气也会在很大程度上受到其它物质的污染。由于轮胎和刹车的摩擦对驾驶来说是必要的，减少它们的排放量可能会更加困难。 Rudich团队的研究得到了以下机构的支持: Helen 和 Martin Kimmel创新调查奖，Scholl博士水与气候研究中心, Sussman家庭环境科学研究中心, Botton海洋科学中心;，Adelis基金会; Henri Gutwirth基金研究; David Levinson的房地产, Olga KleinAstrachan房他产。 来源:魏茨曼科学研究所 file:///C:/Users/lenovo/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif ResearchersStudy Dust Storm Microbiome Israel issubjected to sand and dust storms from several directions: northeast from theSahara, northwest from Saudi Arabia and southwest from the desert regions of Syria.The airborne dust carried in these storms affects the health of people andecosystems alike. New research at the Weizmann Institute of Science suggeststhat part of the effect might not be in the particles of dust but rather inbacteria that cling to them, traveling many kilometers in the air with thestorms. Some of thesebacteria might be pathogenic - harmful to us or the environment - and a few ofthem also carry genes for antibiotic resistance. Others may induce ecosystemfunctions such as nitrogen fixation. Professor Yinon Rudich and his researchgroup, including postdoctoral fellow Dr. Daniela Gat and former researchstudent Yinon Mazar, in Weizmann's Earth and Planetary Sciences Departmentinvestigated the genetics of the windborne bacteria arriving along with thedust. "Inessence, we investigated the microbiome of windborne dust," says Rudich."The microbiome of a dust storm originating in the Sahara is differentfrom one blowing in from the Saudi or Syrian deserts, and we can see the fit betweenthe bacterial population and the environmental conditions existing in eacharea." The researchersfound that during a dust storm the concentration of bacteria and the number ofbacterial species present in the atmosphere rise sharply, so people walkingoutdoors in these storms are exposed to many more bacteria than usual. Rudich and histeam then explored the genes in these bacteria, checking for antibioticresistance -- a trait that can arise owing to elevated use of antibiotics butalso naturally, especially in soil bacteria. Antibiotic resistance has beendefined by the World Health Organization as one of the primary global healthchallenges of the 21st century, and its main driver is the overuse ofantibiotics. But bacteria can pass on the genes for antibiotic resistance, soany source of resistance is concerning. How many different genes for antibioticresistance come to Israel from the various dust storms, and how prevalent arethese genes? Rudich says thatthe study enabled the researchers to identify a "signature" for eachsource of bacteria based on the prevalence of antibiotic resistant genes, whichrevealed whether the genes were local or imported from distant deserts."We found that as more 'mixing' occurs between local dust and that whichcomes from far off, the lower the contribution of the imported antibioticresistance genes." In other words, antibiotic resistance coming fromAfrica or Saudi Arabia is still a very minor threat compared to that caused andspread by human activity, especially animal husbandry. Also participating inthis research were Dr. Eddie Cytryn of the Volcani Center and professor YigalErel of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Urban airpollution is attributed, to a large extent, to emissions from transportation. Rudichand staff scientist Dr. Michal Pardo-Levin ask how these sources contribute toair pollution. Their findings show that pollution that does not come from thecombustion engine but rather is released from the friction of the vehicle'stires on the road and from braking systems can lead to serious health effectsupon inhalation. That means that even if we manage to significantly reduce ourcars' tailpipe emissions, city air will still be polluted, to a large extent,with these other substances. And since the friction of tires and brakes arenecessary for driving, reducing their emissions could be much harder. Rudich'sresearch is supported by the Helen and Martin Kimmel Award for InnovativeInvestigation; the Dr. Scholl Center for Water and Climate, which he heads; theSussman Family Center for the Study of Environmental Sciences, which he heads;the de Botton Center for Marine Science; the Adelis Foundation; the HenriGutwirth Fund for Research; the estate of David Levinson; and the estate ofOlga Klein Astrachan.
Source: WeizmannInstitute of Science file:///C:/Users/lenovo/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif 图文编辑：独白 审稿：高晓东 马嘉睿
| 
#AI工具#
上传视频拿金币，快来上传你最喜爱的感控相关视频吧！#👈点我了解详情#
发表于 2017-8-13 15:33
