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Recommended Practices for Preventing Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission during Blood Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Administration in Healthcare Settings
关于医疗机构内开展血糖监测和胰岛素注射时预防血源性病原体传播的推荐实践（感染控制实践）
Blood Glucose Monitoring
血糖监测
• Fingerstick Devices手指针刺设备
o 手指针刺设备限为单人使用，使用人数应不多于1人。选择一次性的可永久弹回的柳叶刀，这样可以提高患者和医务人员的安全性。Restrict use of fingerstick devices to individual persons. They should never be used for more than one person. Select single-use lancets that permanently retract upon puncture. This adds an extra layer of safety for the patient and the provider.
o Dispose of used lancets at the point of use in an approved sharps container. Never reuse lancets.柳叶刀应现场处置并放于合格的锐器盒内，杜绝重复使用。
• Blood Glucose Meters血糖仪
o Whenever possible, blood glucose meters should be assigned to an individual person and not be shared.血糖仪应尽可能单人使用，切忌多人共用。
 If blood glucose meters must be shared, the device should be cleaned and disinfected after every use, per manufacturer’s instructions, to prevent carry-over of blood and infectious agents. If the manufacturer does not specify how the device should be cleaned and disinfected then it should not be shared.如果血糖仪必须多人共用，应在每次使用后，按照生产商的使用说明进行清洁和消毒，防止血液和其他感染性物质残留；如果生产商未提供产品如何进行清洁和消毒，不应多人共用。
• General通用规则
o Unused supplies and medications should be maintained in clean areas separate from used supplies and equipment (e.g., glucose meters). Do not carry supplies and medications in pockets.未使用的配件和药物应与使用过的配件和药物分开放，单独放置于洁净区域，不要用口袋携带配件和药物。
Insulin Administration胰岛素注射
• Insulin pens should be assigned to individual persons and labeled appropriately. They should never be used for more than one person.胰岛素注射笔应单人使用，且标识适当，使用人数不应超过1人。
• Multiple-dose vials of insulin should be dedicated to a single person whenever possible.多个剂量包装的胰岛素应尽可能单人注射使用。
o If the vial must be used for more than one person it should be stored and prepared in a dedicated medication preparation area outside of the patient care environment and away from potentially contaminated equipment如果包装好的胰岛素用于多人时，应在病人所处环境外专门用于药物准备区域储存和准备，并且远离可能被污染的设备。
o Medication vials should always be entered with a new needle and new syringe注射胰岛素时应使用新的针头和针管。
o Dispose of used injection equipment at point of use in an approved sharps container. Never reuse needles or syringes. 使用过的注射器具应现场处置并放于合格的锐器盒内，杜绝重复使用。
Hand Hygiene (Hand washing with soap and water or use of an alcohol-based hand rub)
手卫生（用肥皂好和流水洗手，或用含乙醇的手消毒液）
• Wear gloves during blood glucose monitoring and during any other procedure that involves potential exposure to blood or body fluids.血糖监测时，以及其他可能会暴露于血液或体液的相关操作时均应戴手套
• Change gloves between patient contacts. Change gloves that have touched potentially blood-contaminated objects or fingerstick wounds before touching clean surfaces. Discard gloves in appropriate receptacles.接触病人后应更换手套。触碰可能被血液污染的物体或手指针刺伤口后，接触干净表面前，应更换手套。
• Perform hand hygiene immediately after removal of gloves and before touching other medical supplies intended for use on other persons.摘掉手套后，接触用于其他病人的医疗器件前，应及时做手卫生。
Training and Oversight
• Review regularly individual schedules for persons requiring assistance with blood glucose monitoring and/or insulin administration.
• Provide a full hepatitis B vaccination series to all previously unvaccinated staff persons whose activities involve contact with blood or body fluids.
• Establish responsibility for oversight of infection control activities. Provide staff members who assume responsibilities for fingersticks and injections with infection control training.
• Assess adherence to infection control recommendations for blood glucose monitoring and insulin administration by periodically observing staff who perform or assist with these procedures and tracking use of supplies.
• Report to public health authorities any suspected instances of a newly acquired bloodborne infection, such as hepatitis B, in a patient, facility resident, or staff member.
• Check with state authorities for specific state and federal regulations regarding laboratory testing.
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