细菌分型方法在流行病调查中的应用和验证指南详解

David

Clinical Microbiology and InfectionVolume 13 Issue s3, Pages 1 - 46
Special Issue: Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology

特刊：细菌分型方法在流行病调查中的应用和验证指南详解
Published Online: 17 Aug 2007

Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology

A. van Belkum 1 , P. T. Tassios 2 , L. Dijkshoorn 3 , S. Haeggman 4 , B. Cookson 5 , N. K. Fry 6 , V. Fussing 7 , J. Green 8 , E. Feil 9 , P. Gerner-Smidt 10 , S. Brisse 11 and M. Struelens 12 for the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group on Epidemiological Markers (ESGEM) [url=] [/url] 1 Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands , [url=] [/url] 2 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Microbiology, Athens, Greece , [url=] [/url] 3 Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, The Netherlands , [url=] [/url] 4 Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology, Solna, Sweden , [url=] [/url] 5 Laboratory of Health Care Associated Infections , [url=] [/url] 6 Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, UK , [url=] [/url] 7 Novo Nordisk, QC Microbiology SDK, Novo Alle, Bagsvaerd, Denmark , [url=] [/url] 8 Statistics, Modelling and Bioinformatics Department, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections,London , [url=] [/url] 9 University of Bath, Department of Biology, Bath, UK , [url=] [/url] 10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Divison of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA , [url=] [/url] 11 Institut Pasteur, Unit BBPE28, Paris, France and [url=] [/url] 12 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Bacteriologie,Brussels, Belgium
Corresponding author and reprint requests: A. van Belkum, Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email=]a.vanbelkum@erasmusmc.nl[/email]


Copyright 2007 The Authors Journal Compilation 2007 Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Abstract

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For bacterial typing to be useful, the development, validation and appropriate application of typing methods must follow unified criteria. Over a decade ago, ESGEM, the ESCMID (Europen Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) Study Group on Epidemiological Markers, produced guidelines for optimal use and quality assessment of the then most frequently used typing procedures. We present here an update of these guidelines, taking into account the spectacular increase in the number and quality of typing methods made available over the past decade. Newer and older, phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing of all clinically relevant bacterial species are described according to their principles, advantages and disadvantages. Criteria for their evaluation and application and the interpretation of their results are proposed. Finally, the issues of reporting, standardisation, quality assessment and international networks are discussed. It must be emphasised that typing results can never stand alone and need to be interpreted in the context of all available epidemiological, clinical and demographical data relating to the infectious disease under investigation. A strategic effort on the part of all workers in the field is thus mandatory to combat emerging infectious diseases, as is financial support from national and international granting bodies and health authorities.