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本帖最后由 gemao 于 2014-10-30 09:27 编辑
Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus
Language:English
Updated: October 27, 2014
The following epidemiologic risk factors should be considered when evaluating a person for Ebola virus disease (Ebola), classifying contacts, or considering public health actions such as monitoring and movement restrictions based on exposure.
对埃博拉病人评价、分类接触或考虑公共卫生行动，诸如根据暴露进行监视和限制活动时，应考虑以下流行病学风险因素：
High risk includes any of the following:
- Percutaneous (e.g., needle stick) or mucous membrane exposure to blood or body fluids of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic,
- Exposure to the blood or body fluids (including but not limited to feces, saliva, sweat, urine, vomit, and semen) of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic without appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE),
- Processing blood or body fluids of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic without appropriate PPE or standard biosafety precautions,
- Direct contact with a dead body without appropriate PPE in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission,
- Having lived in the immediate household and provided direct care to a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
以下任何情况都属于高危风险
- 皮肤（如针刺伤）或粘膜暴露到有症状病人的血液或体液
- 没有正确采取个人防护装备（PPE）时暴露到有症状病人的血液或体液（包括但不限于粪便，唾液，汗液，尿液，呕吐物和精液）
- 没有正确采取PPE或标准生物安全隔离时对有症状病人血液或体液进行处理
- 在埃博拉广泛流行的国家中，没有采取正确的PPE直接接触尸体
- 与有症状的埃博拉病人生活在一起，并提供直接的照顾护理
Some risk includes any of the following:
- In countries with widespread Ebola virus transmission: direct contact while using appropriate PPE with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
- Close contact in households, health care facilities, or community settings with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
- Close contact is defined as being for a prolonged period of time while not wearing appropriate PPE within approximately 3 feet (1 meter) of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
以下任何情况有一些危险
- 在埃博拉广泛流行的国家：正确使用PPE直接接触有症状的埃博拉病人
- 在家庭生活、医疗机构或社会场所中与有症状的埃博拉病人密切接触
- 密切接触定义为没有穿戴正确的PPE在1米之内与有症状的埃博拉病人达到一定时
Low (but not zero) risk includes any of the following:
- Having been in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission within the past 21 days and having had no known exposures
- Having brief direct contact (e.g., shaking hands) while not wearing appropriate PPE, with a person with Ebola while the person was in the early stage of disease
- Brief proximity, such as being in the same room for a brief period of time, with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
- In countries without widespread Ebola virus transmission: direct contact while using appropriate PPE with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
- Traveled on an aircraft with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic.
以下任何情况都是低危险，但不是0危险；
- 在过去21天去过埃博拉广泛流行的国家，没有已知暴露；
- 没有穿戴正确PPE 情况下，与在疾病期的埃博拉病人进行短暂的直接接触（如 握手）
- 与有症状的埃博拉病人有短暂的接近，比如短时间共处一室
- 在埃博拉广泛流行的国家中：使用正确的PPE与有装张的埃博拉病人直接接触
- 与有症状的埃博拉病人同在一个航班
No identifiable risk includes:
- Contact with an asymptomatic person who had contact with person with Ebola
- Contact with a person with Ebola before the person developed symptoms
- Having been more than 21 days previously in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission
- Having been in a country without widespread Ebola virus transmission and not having any other exposures as defined above
没有发现风险：
- 与埃博拉接触过的无症状的人员接触
- 在病人出现症状前与埃博拉病人接触
- 原先在埃博拉广泛流行国家的人员已经超过21天
- 曾经去过没有埃博拉流行的国家，没有上述提及的其他任何暴露。
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