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近年来,我国突发事件出现的群发烧伤病人,似有增加趋势。8.2昆山爆炸事件,尤为让人担心。
群发大面积烧伤病人,在紧急救治后,感染防控将成为突出的问题。
这方面国际上文献不多,2009年SURGICAL INFECTIONS发表的一篇文章,我觉得不错推荐给大家。
收集了2000-2006收住的398例重度烧伤病人,即烧伤面积>40%。
论文下载供参考
Emerging Infections in Burns-2009.pdf
(266.61 KB, 下载次数: 24)
文章的结论:
Summary
Innovations and developments in fluid management, ventilatory support, surgical care, and antimicrobial therapy have contributed to major progress in burn care and a significant reduction in associated mortality and morbidity rates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus-associated infections remain a challenge because of the emergence of more resistant strains and the changing spectrum of available drugs. Vancomycin and clindamycin are the two most important reserve antibi- otics for MRSA infection, with susceptibility rates above 90%. Oxazolidinones and streptogramins are two new drug classes that have showed efficacy against gram-positive infections. Colistin has re-emerged as a highly effective antibiotic for multiresistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter infections in burns. Its use is not associated with an increase in neurologic, hepatic, or nephrologic complications. Fungal infections in burn patients are on the rise and can be particularly fast- spreading; current challenges include Candida, Aspergillus. A definitive diagnosis is more difficult than in bacterial infections. Amphotericin B and voriconazole remain the two most important antifungal substances. The development of new agents, prudent and appropriate use of antibiotics, and better infection control protocols are paramount in the continuing battle against multiresistant organisms.
总结
液体管理的创新和发展,机械通气支持,外科护理,以及抗微生物治疗,都有助于在烧伤治疗和相关的死亡率和发病率减少方面取得重大进展。由于更多的耐药菌株出现和现有可获得药物种类的改变,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌相关的感染仍是一个挑战。万古霉素和克林霉素是两个最重要的应对MRSA感染的储备抗菌药物,与敏感率在90%以上。恶唑烷酮和链阳性菌素是已经表现出功效对革兰阳性菌感染的两个新药物类别。粘菌素在烧伤病人已重新成为一个高度有效的应对多重耐药假单胞菌和不动杆菌感染的抗生素。它的使用是不增加神经系统、肝或肾的并发症。烧伤患者真菌感染有上升的趋势,并且可以特别快速蔓延;目前的挑战包括念珠菌,曲霉菌。明确诊断,比细菌感染更加困难。两性霉素B和伏立康唑保持在两个最重要的抗真菌物质。新药开发,谨慎和合适地使用抗生素,更好的感染控制方案,在抗击多重耐药菌继续战斗中,是最为重要的!
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