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<p>摘抄自CDC-MMWR中关于诺瓦克病毒公共安全和暴发管理中的一段</p><p>Person-to-Person Transmission<br/>Person-to-person spread of NLVs occurs by direct fecal-oral and airborne transmission.<br/>Such transmission plays a role in propagating NLV disease outbreaks, notably in<br/>institutional settings (e.g., nursing homes and day care centers) and on cruise ships.<br/>Although interruption of person-to-person transmission can be difficult, certain measures<br/>might help. Frequent handwashing with soap and water is an effective means of prevention.<br/>The recommended procedure is to rub all surfaces of lathered hands together vigorously<br/>for >10 seconds and then thoroughly rinse the hands under a stream of water. Because<br/>spattering or aerosols of infectious material might be involved in disease transmission,<br/>wearing masks should be considered for persons who clean areas substantially contaminated<br/>by feces or vomitus (e.g., hospital or nursing home personnel). Soiled linens and<br/>clothes should be handled as little as possible and with minimum agitation. They should<br/>be laundered with detergent at the maximum available cycle length and then machine<br/>dried. Because environmental surfaces have been implicated in the transmission of enteric<br/>viruses, surfaces that have been soiled should be cleaned with an appropriate germicidal<br/>product (e.g., 10% solution of household bleach) according to the manufacturer’s<br/>instructions. In situations in which the epidemic is extended by periodic renewal of the<br/>susceptible population (e.g., camps and cruise ships), the facility or institution might have<br/>to be closed until it can be cleaned appropriately.</p> |
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