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[进展] 智能手术缝合线可用于监测感染

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发表于 2012-9-21 08:38 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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外科手术缝合线不再是没有生命的简单丝线了。现在,研究人员已经给它们包裹上了能监测创口及加速愈合的传感器。

    这种电子缝合线内含高分子聚合物或丝线,并和超薄硅传感器整合在一起。它们不仅能够穿过针眼,而且在动物试验中,研究人员还能让它们系住皮肤、拉紧、打结,与此同时,装置也不会降解。

    这种缝合线能准确地测量温度,而温度升高表明有感染。为伤口加热可以促进愈合也是已知的事实。智能缝合线的发明人,伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的材料科学与工程教授约翰?罗杰斯(John Rogers0)设想,还可以在缝合线上装载能提供电刺激的装置来愈合伤口,“最终,最有价值的将是能通过这些装置程序化地给药,”罗杰斯教授说。研究人员可以用注入药物的聚合物覆盖电子缝线来做到这点,温度升高或电刺激都会导致化学物质的释放。

    智能缝合线技术被发表在Small杂志的网络版上。它依赖硅基器件来弯曲和拉伸。罗杰斯和他的同事们用硅胶膜、金电极,以及可以弯曲缠绕 ,并只有几百纳米厚的电线打造了这一装置。这项技术也被用于充气导管和医学刺青中,并已被罗杰斯参与创办的、位于马萨诸塞州剑桥的公司MC10商业化。。   

    研究人员首先用化学物质从硅晶片上切下一片极薄的硅。通过一个转印图章(rubber stamp),他们将纳米硅胶膜翻转到高分子聚合物或丝线上,然后把金属电极和电线沉淀在膜上,并且用环氧树脂涂层包裹整个装置。

    研究人员为缝合线装上了两类温度传感器。一类是随温度改变电流输出的硅二极管;另一类是随温度改变其电阻值的铂纳米膜电阻。同时,微加热器就是简单的细金丝,当电流通过时它们即能发热。

     罗杰斯说,这一装置中的所有材料都可以在人体上安全使用,而最大的挑战在于使缝合线变得柔韧有弹性。硅是脆的,所以把纳米膜做得尽可能薄并用缠绕的方式排列它们,是获得弹性的关键。将硅放在缝合线顶层的环氧树脂与底层的高分子聚合物之间也至关重要。“当你弯曲整个缝合线时,顶层承受的是张力而底层承受的是压力,但中间位置所受的力却很小”,罗杰斯说。

    研究人员已经在老鼠皮肤的切口上测试了缝合线的弹性力学及韧性,但还未在动物身上测试温度传感及加热功能。他们也在研究如何无线控制装置。

转自 丁香园

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 楼主| 发表于 2012-9-21 08:41 | 显示全部楼层
Smart Sutures That Detect Infections
Plastic or silk threads covered with temperature sensors and micro-heaters could keep tabs on infections and provide therapy.

Friday, August 24, 2012

                               
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Stitches that sense: New smart sutures use ultrathin silicon sensors to measure temperature at a wound site.
John Rogers

Surgical sutures are mindless threads no more. Researchers have now coated them with sensors that could monitor wounds and speed up healing.
The electronic sutures, which contain ultrathin silicon sensors integrated on polymer or silk strips, can be threaded through needles, and in animal tests researchers were able to lace them through skin, pull them tight, and knot them without degrading the devices.
The sutures can precisely measure temperature—elevated temperatures indicate infection—and deliver heat to a wound site, which is known to aid healing. And John Rogers, professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and inventor of the smart sutures, imagines that they could also be laden with devices that provide electrical stimulation to heal wounds. "Ultimately, the most value would be when you can release drugs from them in a programmed way," he says. The researchers could do that by coating the electronic threads with drug-infused polymers, which would release the chemicals when triggered by heat or an electrical pulse.
The smart sutures, reported online in the journal Small, rely on silicon-based devices that flex and stretch. Rogers and his colleagues make the devices with silicon membranes and gold electrodes and wires that are just a few hundred nanometers thick and patterned in a serpentine shape. The technology, which they have also used in inflatable catheters and medical tattoos (see "Stick-On Electronic Tattoos"), is being commercialized by MC10, a Cambridge, Massachusetts–based startup Rogers cofounded (see "Making Stretchable Electronics").
The researchers first use chemicals to slice off an ultrathin film of silicon from a silicon wafer. With a rubber stamp, they lift off and transfer the nanomembranes to polymer or silk strips. Then they deposit metal electrodes and wires on top and encapsulate the entire device in an epoxy coating.
They have built two types of temperature sensors on the sutures. One is a silicon diode that shifts its current output with temperature; the other, a platinum nanomembrane resistor, changes its resistance with temperature. The micro-heaters, meanwhile, are simply gold filaments that heat up when current passes through them.
All the materials used in the devices are safe for use in the body, and the biggest challenge was to make the sutures flexible, Rogers says. Silicon is brittle, so making the nanomembranes as thin as possible and laying them out in a winding pattern was key for elasticity. Placing the silicon halfway between the top epoxy and bottom polymer surfaces of the suture is also crucial. "When you bend the entire construct, the top surface is in tension and the bottom is in compression, but at midpoint the strains are very small," he says.
The researchers have tested the sutures' mechanical flexibility and toughness on incisions in rat skin, but they haven't tested the temperature sensing and heating capabilities in animals yet. They are also working on making the devices wireless.

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发表于 2012-9-21 09:02 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢版主的文献,让我们了解国际新进展,
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发表于 2012-9-21 09:14 | 显示全部楼层
现在科技真发达啊!只是这价格不知道我们能不能承受?
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发表于 2012-9-21 09:32 | 显示全部楼层
人就是聪明,科技真是发达啊,就是不知道价格怎样
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发表于 2012-9-21 10:10 | 显示全部楼层
是个好东西,但能否普及是问题,成本太高中国百姓负担不起,不法经营者又有可以大赚一笔的机会了
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