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Journal of Hospital Infection 81 (2012) 218 217e223
J. O’Gorman a,b, *, H. Humphreys a,b
a Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
b Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Background: The antimicrobial effect of copper has long been recognized and has
a potential application in the healthcare setting as a mechanism to reduce environmental
contamination and thus prevent healthcare-associated infection (HCAI).
Aim: To review the rationale for copper use, the mechanism of its antimicrobial effect,
and the evidence for its efficacy.
Methods: A PubMed search of the published literature was performed.
Findings: Extensive laboratory investigations have been carried out to investigate the
biocidal activity of copper incorporated into contact surfaces and when impregnated into
textiles and liquids. A limited number of clinical trials have been performed, which,
although promising, leave significant questions unanswered. In particular there is a lack of
consensus on minimum percentage copper alloys required for effectiveness, the impact of
organic soiling on the biocidal effect of copper, and the best approach to routine cleaning
of such surfaces. Limited information is available on the ability of copper surfaces to
eradicate spores of Clostridium difficile.
Conclusion: Additional studies to demonstrate that installing copper surfaces reduces the
incidence of HCAI are required and the cost-effectiveness of such intervention needs to be
assessed. Further research in a number of key areas is required before the potential
benefits of using copper routinely in the clinical setting to prevent and control infection
can be confirmed and recommended.
2012 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application of copper to prevent and control infection. Where are we now.pdf
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