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一、sickness, illness, disease, malady, complaint, ailment (疾病) 1、sickness是普通的日常用语。 He is confined to bed by sickness. 他因病卧床。 sickness还可表示恶心 (nausea) He was overcome with sickness shortly after eating the contaminated food. 吃了脏的食物不久,他就觉得非常恶心。 2、illness比sickness较为正式,并且常用于较严重的疾病。 He has never been the same since that long illness. 那场大病之后,他就一直没有恢复过来。 The president's illness made it necessary to postpone the cabinet meeting. 总统患病使得内阁只好推迟开会。 3、disease本意是指任何使人失去舒适的状况。但现在主要是指人体器官发生结构性变化的疾病,而且一般是长期的、根深蒂固的疾病。 Tuberculosis is one of the most dreaded of human diseases. 肺结核是人类最可怕的疾病之一。 heart/eye/foot and mouth disease 心脏病/眼病/口蹄疫病 4、malady长期难以治愈的慢性病,通常令人痛苦,还可致命。 Toothache is an excruciating malady. 牙痛是难以忍受的疾病。 There is no cure for the malady of age. 老年病是无法治愈的。 5、disorder指造成身体某部功能失调的疾病。 He suffers from a stomach disorder. 他的胃有点不正常。 She has a metabolic disorder. 她患的是代谢紊乱。 Complaint为口语,比较通俗、较重疾病都可以用,但一般用于表示身体某部位疼痛且时间较长的小病。 Mr. Thomson is suffering from a chest complaint. 汤姆先生经常胸部疼痛。 Arthritis is a common complaint among the elderly. 关节炎在上年纪的人中间是常见病。 7、ailment一般指不太严重的小毛病,常有slight等修饰,但也可用来指说话人对其性质不太了解的大病。 Woman's ailment 妇女病 Mild ailment 轻微的疾病 He had some ailment, I don't know what; but it seemed to keep him away from work a great deal. 他病了,我不知道得的是什么病,不过看起来他常常是上不了班。 形容词ill和sick,译为有病的。ill通常用作表语,可用be ill with…来表示患某种病。 He is very seriously ill. 他病得很厉害。 He was ill with influenza last week. 他上周患了流感。 注:ill作定语时意思是坏的,恶的。如:ill temper / nature坏脾气、劣根性。sick可用作表语和定语。 The sick man has been ill a long time. 病人病了好久了。 Their children are ill half of the time. 他们的孩子有一半时间在生病。 但sick还有恶心、呕吐之意。 He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move. 船刚一开动,他就想吐。 泛指病人时,用the sick不用the ill。 |