香港已按照SARS标准启动猪流感的应对措施

David

港府按照“有杀错不放过”的指导原则应对此次猪流感病毒的疫情。按照SARS后建立的疫情监测系统报告疫情。CHP（centre for health protection）每日报告流行病监测项目，医管局要求公立医院医生及时汇报疑似病例，调高反应等级为S1（serious response level 1).作为上次SARS的医院暴发源，威尔士亲王医院微生物科感控主管给全院做了一个seminar，具体讲解如何应对医院的可能爆发感染。这次因为人群普遍无抗体，所以大爆发流行高度可能（the pandemic is very possible）.医管局老大就直说：按香港的人流量，感染病例迟早会登陆香港。呵呵。
CHP关于猪流感的信息汇总
27 April 2009

Human Swine Influenza   

Causative agent

Swine influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza. Outbreaks of swine flu happen regularly in pigs. There are four main influenza subtypes that have been isolated in pigs: H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and H3N1. Most of the recently isolated influenza viruses from pigs are H1N1 viruses.

Background

The classical swine flu virus (influenza type A H1N1 virus) was first isolated from a pig in 1930. It is known to circulate among pig populations since then. The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically different from human H1N1 viruses and swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human swine flu do occasionally occur. Most commonly, human swine influenza happens in people with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. workers in the swine industry). Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur.

Clinical features

The symptoms of human swine influenza are usually similar to those of human seasonal influenza and include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite and coughing. Some people infected with swine flu may also have runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Mode of transmission

Swine flu can be directly transmitted from pigs to people and from people to pigs. Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur. This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu occurring in people, which is mainly through coughing or sneezing. People may also become infected by touching objects soiled with flu viruses and then touching their nose or mouth.

Swine flu viruses are not transmitted by food. Eating pork and pork products, which are properly handled and cooked, is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 71.1°C (160°F ) kills the swine flu virus as other bacteria and viruses.

Management

Infected persons should take adequate rest and drink plenty of water. Supportive treatment can relieve symptoms. Antiviral agents can reduce the severity and duration of illness but must be used under doctor's prescription and given in the early stage of illness. Hence, it is important that people should consult a doctor as soon as they develop flu symptoms and do not self-medicate. Antibiotics are unnecessary unless influenza is complicated by bacterial infection.

Prevention

Since H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very different from human H1N1 viruses, vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide protection against H1N1 swine flu viruses. Members of the public should observe the following precautionary measures:
Keep hands clean and wash hands properly. Alcohol-based handrub is also effective when hands are not visibly soiled.
Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth.
Wash hands with liquid soap promptly if they are dirtied by respiratory secretions, e.g. after sneezing or coughing.
Cover nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing.
No spitting. Always wrap nasal and mouth discharges with tissue paper, and dispose of the tissue paper properly in a lidded rubbish bin.
Wear mask when symptoms of respiratory tract infection or fever develop. Seek medical advice promptly.
Refrain from work or school if develop symptoms of influenza.
Furthermore, people travelling to the affected places should take precautionary measures, including:
Do not have contact with sick people.
Bring along surgical masks for use whenever appropriate.
Should one develop fever or influenza-like illnesses during or after a trip, consult a doctor promptly and report the travel history.

[ 本帖最后由 David 于 2009-4-28 14:49 编辑 ]