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MULTIDRUG- RESISTANT ORGANISMS
WHATIS A MULTIDRUG – RESISTANT ORGANISM?
Organism isjust a fancy word for germ. There aresome organisms or germs growing today that are not being killed by theantibiotics that usually work to get rid of them. When the organism is “resistantto” or not killed by the antibiotic that usually works, it is called a multidrug-resistantorganism. This handout will callthem MDROs.
Some commonMDROs are:
MRSA –Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
VRE –Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
ESBL –Extended- spectrum B-Lactamases-producing germ (makes very strong antibioticsnot work)
MDR Ab -Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
WHO GETS MDROs?
There are afew groups of people (infants, children, and adults) that are more likely toget MDROs. These groups are thosepeople:
* with weak immune systems whose bodiescannot fight infection very well
* who have had to take a lot ofantibiotics
* who have been in the hospital, arehabilitation (rehab) center or in an extended care facility (nursing home)
* whohave had surgery procedures, especially surgery where tubes, such asG-tubes or trach tubes, wereplaced
Healthy people can get MDROs too. More and more people in the community are being identified with MDROs. Infants and children who attend day care havebeen found to be at increased risk for MRSA.
WHERE IS THE GERM FOUND IN THE BODY?
These germscan be found anywhere in the body. HOWEVER, they are most often found in a person’s nose, throat, and onthe skin, or hands. These germs do notalways make a person sick. You mighthave the germs in or on your body and not be sick. It is called “colonized” when you have thegerms but the germs are not making you feel sick. If you are colonized you can still spread thegerm to other people.
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR MDROs?
If thesegerms are making the person sick with an infection, the person should betreated with a special antibiotic(s). Thesegerms can cause skin infections like boils, infected bug bites, and abscesses. Some skin infections may be treated with soapand an ointment that may kill the germs. Boils or abscesses may need to be drained by a doctor to get ridof the infected fluid in the skin.
People whocarry the MDRO germs, especially MRSA, on the skin or in the body may need tohave special skin care to get rid of as many of the germs as possible. You want to kill as many germs as possible onthe skin and body to help prevent getting more skin infections. This special skin care is called “decolonization.” Your doctor (or your child’s doctor) willtalk to you about this if you or your child need to do this.
CAN MDROs BE SPREAD FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER?
MDROs can bespread from person to person. They are usuallyspread by hand contact with a person. Touching objects that have the germs onthem can also spread the germs. Thesegerms can live on hard surfaces like counter tops, doorknobs, telephones, cellphones, etc. for long periods of time. Thesegerms can live on hands for a long time. However, these germs usually do not travel through the air. It is easy to kill these germs with GOOD HANDHYGIENE and by cleaning with disinfectant cleaners.
WHAT IS GOOD HAND HYGIENE?
- When washing hands with soap and water:
Wet your hands with cleanrunning water and apply soap. Rub hands together to make alather and scrub all surfaces. Continue rubbing hands for atleast 15 seconds. Rinse hands well under running water. Dry your hands using a papertowel .Use your paper towel to turn off the faucet. Always use soap and water ifyour hands are visibly dirty. If soap and clean water are not available, or when handsare not visibly soiled, use an alcohol-based hand rub to clean yourhands.
- When using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer:
Apply product to the palm of onehand. Rub hands together. Rub the product over allsurfaces of hands and fingers until hands are dry. WHAT CAN BE DONE TOPREVENT THE SPREAD OF MDROs?
IN THE HOSPITAL
- You (or your child) will need to be in special precautions. These precautions may require the patient to stay in their room as much as possible. The nurses and others caring for the patient will wear a cover gown, vinyl gloves, and maybe a mask There will be a sign or signs on the door explaining the precautions. Your nurse will also explain the precautions.
Gownand gloves are to be worn by everyonewho enters the room and may come into contact with thepatient. This includes any hospital staff, visitors, andfamily members. On some hospital units,a parent or other family member may stay in the hospital room with the patient24 hours/day. Some exceptions are madefor these parents. It is especiallyimportant for these parents to clean their hands well whenever leaving thehospital room and whenever returning to it. Your nurse will explain.
Puton the gown and gloves before you enter the room or immediately after enteringthe room before touching the patient or items in the room. Youshould change your gloves after you throw away your child’s tissue, change yourchild’s diaper, help your child to go to the bathroom or touch anything thathas any body secretions on it. You needto use the alcohol gel hand cleaner beforeyou put gloves on and after you takethem off. When you leave thepatient’s room, you should:
Immediatelyclean your hands. It is best to washyour hands inside the patient’s room. Some rooms have a small room between the hall and the patient room whereyou may wash your hands. Youshould use the alcohol gel hand cleaner before you leave the room. Remember to rub the alcohol over your handsand between your fingers. Keep rubbing until your hands are completely dry. HOW LONG ARE SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS NEEDED FOR MDROs? Many timesspecial precautions are needed the entire time a patient is in thehospital. These germs can live in thenose and throat secretions for weeks to months. A person may continue to carry the germ in their body and not be sick. The germs can go away and then come backagain. Most patients will need to be in specialprecautions any time that they are in the hospital. If a personhas to come back for a test, to the Emergency Department, or to be admitted tothe hospital, you should tell the registration employee if there is history ofMDRO.
OUTSIDE OF THE HOSPITAL
Things thatshould be done at home to help prevent the spread of MDROs:
- Wash your hands often or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer
- Keep cuts and scrapes clean and cover them with bandages
- Do not touch other people's cuts or bandages
- Do not share personal items like towels, wash cloths, razors, and eating utensils
Cleaning your hands isthe most important thing you can do to prevent the spread of germs.
CLEAN YOUR HANDSOFTEN.
CLEANING YOUR HOUSE
No specialcleaning is needed. If body fluids likevomit, mucus, urine or stool should get on anything in your house, you shouldclean it off with a household cleaner with disinfectant. Follow the directions for the cleaner as youwould any time you use it.
WHEN TO RETURN TO SCHOOL OR WORK
Your childcan go to school or daycare as long as they are not running fevers and feelingsick.
Childrenthat have a skin or wound infection can return to school or daycare as soon asthe wound is no longer draining pus or blood and is healing well.
Adults canreturn to work as long as they do not have a fever and are not feeling sick.
Adults thathave a skin or wound infection can return to work as soon as the wound is nolonger draining pus or blood and is healing well. Healthcare workers and peoplewho handle food or drink should check with their supervisor if they have a skinor wound infection on their hands.
Wounds needto be completely covered with a bandage. The bandage needs to be completely taped or sealed around all theedges. The bandage needs to be tapedwell enough that no other person could touch the wound. Remember to tell anyone that changes thebandage to wash their hands before and after. Sometimes the doctor may tell you to wear gloves when you change thebandage. Make sure to clean your handsbefore and after using the gloves.
If you haveany questions, please ask your doctor or nurse, or call the facility where youwere hospitalized and ask to speak to one of the Infection Prevention Nurses. These areonly guidelines. Always follow yourdoctor’s advice.
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IP卡
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发表于 2014-3-12 21:18
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发表于 2014-3-12 22:57
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