肺炎支原体感染的流行病学、临床表现、致病机理和实验室检测

David

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Volume 32 Issue 6, Pages 956 - 973
Published Online: 27 Aug 2008

© 2008 Federation of European Microbiological Societies Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

REVIEW ARTICLE
Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and laboratory detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections
肺炎支原体感染的流行病学、临床表现、致病机理和实验室检测
Thomas Prescott Atkinson 1 , Mitchell F. Balish 2 & Ken B. Waites 3
  1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA;   2 Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; and   3 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
  Correspondence: Ken B. Waites, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WP 230, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA. Tel.: +1 205 934 4960; fax: +1 205 975 4468; e-mail: waiteskb@uab.edu
Editor: Ramón Diaz Orejas

Copyright © 2008 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved
KEYWORDS
Mycoplasma pneuomoniae • pneumonia • asthma • macrolide resistance • pathogenesis • cytadherence
ABSTRACT
Since its initial description in the 1940s and eventual elucidation as a highly evolved pathogenic bacterium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae has come to be recognized as a worldwide cause of primary atypical pneumonia. Beyond its ability to cause severe lower respiratory illness and milder upper respiratory symptoms it has become apparent that a wide array of extrapulmonary infectious and postinfectious events may accompany the infections in humans caused by this organism. Autoimmune disorders and chronic diseases such as asthma and arthritis are increasingly being associated with this mycoplasma, which frequently persists in individuals for prolonged periods. The reductive evolutionary process that has led to the minimal genome of M. pneumoniae suggests that it exists as a highly specialized parasitic bacterium capable of residing in an intracellular state within the respiratory tissues, occasionally emerging to produce symptoms. This review includes discussion of some of the newer aspects of our knowledge on this pathogen, characteristics of clinical infections, how it causes disease, the recent emergence of macrolide resistance, and the status of laboratory diagnostic methods.