根据美国CDC在2008年的倡议,将医院感染hospital acquired infection改为health care associated infection,即医疗相关感染。
从这点上,医疗相关感染要囊括了医院获得性感染。
然而以上的这篇研究,让我着实傻了眼。
在这个TABLE里面,显然CAI(社区感染)和HCAI医疗相关感染,与HAI是完全不同的三个概念。
读了作者的材料与方法,里面给出了定义:(All consecutive adult
infected patients admitted to the medical, surgical, nephrology or hematology wards of the hospital, or to the intensive
care unit (ICU) were included, based on a diagnosis of infection according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria)。
社区感染定义:Community-acquired infection (CAI) was defined as an infection detected within 48 h of hospital admission in
patients who did not fit the criteria for a HCAI. 入院48小时内发生的感染,但不满足医疗相关感染标准。
医疗相关感染定义:
HCAI was defined using the same criteria of Friedman et al. 采用的是费罗德曼的定义。[3]-an infection present at the time of hospital admission or within 48 h of admission in patients that fulfilled any of the following criteria: 入院时或者入院48小时发生的感染,且满足一下标准: – received intravenous therapy at home; received wound care or specialized nursing care through a healthcare agency, family or friends; or selfadministered intravenous medical therapy in the 30- day period before the onset of the infection;
感染发生前30天间有如下操作:在家中接受静脉注射治疗;通过医疗机构,家人或朋友,接受伤口护理或者专门护理;或自我给药治疗
– attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic, or received intravenous chemotherapy in the previous 30 days;
在前30天,入院或者血液透析,或接受静脉输液治疗
– hospitalized in an acute care hospital for 2 or more days in the previous 90 days; 在90天内在急性病护理医院入住超过2天(含2天) – resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility. 入住于护理之家或疗养院
医院获得性感染定义:
Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) was defined as a localized or systemic condition that resulted from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s), and that occurred 48 h or more after hospital admission and was not incubating at the time of admission [1].
定义的参考文献如下:
Friedman ND, Kaye KS, Stout JE, McGarry SA, Trivette SL, Briggs JP, Lamm W, Clark C, MacFarquhar J, Walton AL, Reller LB, Sexton DJ: Health care–associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Intern Med 2002, 137(10):791–797.