系统介绍细菌分型新方法的文章

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Clinical Microbiology Newsletter
Volume 30, Issue 9, 1 May 2008, Pages 63-69

Newer Methods for Bacterial Strain Typing
细菌分型的新方法
Alex van Belkum Ph.D., Erasmus MC, a,

aDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Available online 17 April 2008.

Abstract
Microbial typing is a discipline that has evolved extensively over the past 3 decades. Molecular methods were introduced that essentially replaced phenotyping. Nevertheless, test specificity, data communication, inclusion of population genetics, and automation have been and remain foci of improvement. Present day microbial epidemiologists are inclined to use either DNA repeat- or DNA sequence-based methods; several well-accepted typing schemes have been developed. Repeats were selected as targets because of their elevated mutation rates, which facilitate detailed, multiplexed, real-time microbial fingerprinting. Whether sequencing will ultimately be used for mapping bacterial inter-isolate relatedness remains to be determined, because alternative, technology-driven innovations in typing are frequent. Due to innovative changes in protocol, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and spectroscopy are now at a stage to allow their clinical application; these new methods may have advantages that are lacking in current sequencing approaches. This review will outline the current state of typing affairs.

Article Outline
Introduction
Multi-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis
Multi-Locus Sequence Typing
Bacterial Whole-Genome Sequencing
Emerging Technologies
DNA arrays
Spectroscopy
Proteomics and metabolomics
Technological Innovations
Future Perspective
Acknowledgements
References