Multi Drug Resistance: A Global Concern

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Multi Drug Resistance: A Global Concern  

Click Here to view the website for this Ebook.

Multiple drug resistance among bacteria has become a global issue with a considerable impact on the mortality associated with infectious diseases. This book is a detailed compilation of available knowledge on the surveillance and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in various countries throughout the world. Readers will be updated on current information on the understanding of mechanisms involved in drug resistance and the geographical distribution of resistance determinant markers. This volume should be a useful guide for microbiologists and clinicians interested in designing antimicrobial therapies tailored for patients in specific geographical regions.

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Contents



Chapter 1. Role of Multidrug Resistance Associated Proteins in Drug Development
Shu-Feng Zhou, Ming Qian Wei and Wei Duan



Chapter 2. Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Renato Finkelstein



Chapter 3. Control of Multi-Drug Resistance
Spyros Pournaras



Chapter 4. Multi-Drug Resistance Among Gram-Negative Bacteria in Thailand
Pattarachai Kiratisin



Chapter 5. Challenges in Management of Tuberculosis in Developing Countries
Amita Jain and Pratima Dixit



Chapter 6. Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis
UD Gupta and Anuj Kumar Gupta



Chapter 7. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases: A Critical Update
Shazi Shakil, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Raffaele Zarrilli and Asad Ullah Khan



Chapter 8. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Esperanza C. Cabrera



Chapter 9. Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: An Emerging Threat in Health Care Facilities
Raffaele Zarrilli, Maria Triassi and Asad U. Khan



Chapter 10. Prevalence, Mechanisms and Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Foodborne Bacteria
Jing Han, Bashar W. Shaheen, Steven L. Foley and Rajesh Nayak



Chapter 11. The Scope of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Some Countries in the Middle East and North Africa
Noha Gamal Khalaf and Nancy D. Hanson



Chapter 12. Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Saudi Arabia
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq and Ziad A. Memish



Chapter 13. β-Lactamases as Major Mechanism of Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Mariagrazia Perilli, Giuseppe Celenza, Cristina Pellegrini and Gianfranco Amicosante

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部分章节内容，大家可以看看。

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PREFACE
Infectious diseases are the world’s leading cause of premature deaths, killing almost 50,000 people
everyday. An increase in the emergence of health care- and community-associated infections caused by
multi drug resistant bacteria is threatening the world population. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes
on bacterial plasmids has further helped in the transmission and spread of drug resistance among
pathogenic bacteria.
This eBook is composed of wide range of chapters related to multi drug resistance among infectious
diseases in different parts of the world. Multiple drug resistance is becoming a big challenge for the
physicians and clinicians to treat various infections. It also affects the economy of the country especially
pharmaceutical industries where a huge amount of money is going into garbage.
The main focus of this eBook is to understand the different molecular mechanisms responsible for
developing resistance against this group of antibiotics. The eBook is composed of 13 chapters describing
mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and their prevalence in various parts of the world. Most of the
chapters are covering beta-lactamases and their extended form of enzymes, their variants in infectious
diseases as well as in food born pathogens. CTX-M family of enzyme which hydrolyzes third generation of
cephalosporins preferably, cefotaxime, belongs to the category of Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamases
(ESBLs) and includes almost 89 variants. These types of enzymes are emerging among Gram-negative
bacteria; predominantly Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and other species in different parts of the
world. Another important class of beta-lactamases, the blaTEM, and blaSHV, most prevalent among
enterobacteriacae in different parts, is also discussed in this eBook. MRSA and VRSA are also analyzed in
great detail along with carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in
some of the chapters. Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis and its management in developing countries are also
analyzed. Finally, several approaches to control the spread of multi-drug resistance organisms are
examined.
We are indebted to members of our research group, over a period of 10 years especially for scientific
discussions, exchange of ideas and of course experimental data on drug resistance. Dr. Asad is highly
thankful to Prof M Saleemuddin for inspiring him to take this task of compiling this information in the form
of eBook. We also thank all the authors who kindly agreed to write chapters for the eBook.
We would like to thank Prof. Patrice Nordmann for writing the foreword and Bentham Science Publishers,
particularly Mr Mahmood Alam and Ms Salma Siddiqui for their support and efforts.
Asad U. Khan
Biotechnology Unit, AMU, Aligarh
India
Raffaele Zarrilli
Department of Preventive Medical Sciences
Federico II University of Naples
Italy

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List of Contributors
Shu-Feng, Zhou Jun-Ping, Liu Ming Qian and Weiwei Duan
RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
Renato Finkelstein
Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Medical Center, 31096–Bat Galim, Haifa.
Spyros Pournaras
Medical School, University of Thessaly, Uni. Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
Pattarachai Kiratisin
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd.,
Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Amita Jain and Pratima Dixit
Department of Microbiology, C.S.M. Medical University, Lucknow, India.
UD Gupta and Anuj Kumar Gupta
National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra- 282001,
India.
Shazi Shakil, Hafiz Mohammad Ali, Raffaele Zarrilli and Asad Ullah Khan
Interdisciplinary Botechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India.
Esperanza C. Cabrera
Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines.
Raffaele Zarrilli Maria Triassi and Asad Ullah Khan
Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Hygiene Section, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples,
Italy.
Jing Han, Bashar Shaheen, Steven L. Foley and Rajesh Nayak
US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-250), Division of
Microbiology, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AK 72079, USA.
Noha Gamal Khalaf and Nancy D. Hanson
Department of Microbioloty and Immunoloty, Faculty of Pharcy, Modern Science and Arts University ,
Cariro Egypt and Director of Molecular Biology unit at Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and
Biotechnology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of
Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq and Ziad A. Memish
Internal Medicine Services Division, Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco Medical Services
Organization, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Mariagrazia Perilli, Giuseppe Celenza, Cristina Pellegrini and Gianfranco Amicosante
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy.

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这个内容大家可能比较感兴趣~~~~~

Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Renato Finkelstein*
Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens. K. pneumoniae
strains producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase enzymes (ESBLs) with transferable resistance to all
β-lactam (except cephamycins and carbapenems) were first detected in the mid-1980s in Western
Europe. Nowadays, there is a worldwide and non-uniform spread of K. pneumoniae expressing ESBL
phenotype with prevalence as high as 45.4 percent. For infections caused by these strains, treatment
with carbapenem drugs has been associated with the best outcomes in terms of survival and
bacteriologic clearance. To date, carbapenem-resistance has been unusual in isolates of K. pneumoniae.
Nevertheless, several recent studies have well documented the emergence of carbapenem resistance in
Enterobacteriacae, including Klebsiella spp., which should be considered of major public concern.
Resistance to carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae is generally caused by hydrolyzing enzymes. The
most important among these are carbapenemases, primarily the serine β-lactamase KPC and metallo- β-
lactamase VIM. The genes coding for these enzymes are carried by plasmids that often carry other
resistance factors as well, resulting in extensively drug-resistant bacteria.Outbreaks of bla (VIM-1)
positive carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) have been reported from some European
countries. In the United States, carbapenem-resistance has been observed in strains of K. pneumoniaeproducing
class A carbapenemases, namely, KPC-1, KPC-2 and KPC-3. During 2006, strains of CRKP
(KPC-2 and KPC-3) spread through Israeli hospitals and became a major national outbreak. Prior
exposure to carbapenem and quinolones was found to be of resistance of K. pneumoniae to
carbapenems.Infections due to CRKP have several important implications. First, these infections are
spreading worldwide rapidly and are associated with a high estimated attributable mortality. Second, to
control the spread of KPC enzymes appears to be difficult. Plasmids are easily transferred and resistant
genes can spread within species and even from species to species of Enterobacteriaceae. Finally, and
even more worrisome is that most KPC-possessing K. pneumoniae isolates are resistant not only to
carbapenems, but also to almost all antibiotics currently in use. The clinical usefulness of a very few
drugs showing in vitro activity against these strains remains to be proved.
Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, extended-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes, carbapenem, metallo- β-
lactamase, plasmids, enterobacteriacae, serine β-lactamase, class A carbapenemases.

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多重耐药的控制

Control of Multi-Drug Resistance
Spyros Pournaras*
Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly
Abstract: During the last decade, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to
most or all available antibacterial classes are increasingly prevalent in the nosocomial environment,
particularly among immunocompromised patients and those hospitalized in intensive care units. Among
Gram-positive bacteria, increasing concerns are posed for health care- and community-associated
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus with reduced susceptibility or resistance to
vancomycin and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Gram-negative bacteria have also developed
multidrug resistance, which in the family of Enterobacteriacae is commonly due to the production of
extended-spectrum -lactamases and carbapenemases of metallo- or serine--lactamase type (mainly
VIM-, IMP-, or KPC-types). Further, multidrug resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria such
as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are common, necessitating the application of
concerned efforts for their control. The control of multidrug resistant organisms requires approaches
that include knowledge of their local and international epidemiological spread, accurate detection and
surveillance, rational use of antibiotic treatment options and enhanced infection control measures. In the
following sections of this chapter, such approaches will be presented for each category of the
aforementioned major multidrug resistant bacteria.
Keywords: Gram-positive, Acinetobacter baumannii, VIM-, IMP-, KPC, methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, serine--lactamase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, epidemiological spread.

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此外，我建议大家学习一下国外学术专著的撰写模式，其组稿方式与中国的专著有很大的不同。你觉得差别在哪里呢？

鬼才

细菌耐药 发表于 2013-5-14 19:43

                               
登录/注册后可看大图

部分章节内容，大家可以看看。

吊人口味啊，害得我流口水了。
希望能见到全书的电子版。谢谢

清风细雪

下载了，可惜英文水平有限！

wenyong

希望能见到全书的电子版。谢谢

细菌耐药

鬼才 发表于 2013-5-14 20:52

                               
登录/注册后可看大图

吊人口味啊，害得我流口水了。
希望能见到全书的电子版。谢谢

全书的电子版我可没有办法搞到呀，这是新出的书，能看到这些内容已经不错啦

细菌耐药

wenyong 发表于 2013-5-14 21:34

                               
登录/注册后可看大图

希望能见到全书的电子版。谢谢

全书的电子版没有呀，见谅，这个是需要买书才能看到的啊

鬼才

细菌耐药 发表于 2013-5-14 19:51

                               
登录/注册后可看大图

此外，我建议大家学习一下国外学术专著的撰写模式，其组稿方式与中国的专著有很大的不同。你觉得差别在哪里 ...

呵呵，这本书全由综述组成，但综述中渗杂了不少案例，这是国外学术专著的一大特点。这容易使人理解深奥的知识原理。国内的专著应借鉴这一编写模式。