双语新闻天天学——天天更新，日积月累
本帖最后由 蓝鱼o_0 于 2011-10-31 12:24 编辑音频地址：http://www.24en.com/voa/news/2011-10-28/115514.html
Russia has been trying to join the World Trade Organization since 1993. Now Russian officials are saying they hope to become a member by the end of this year.
俄罗斯方面自从1993年起，就一直想要加入世界贸易组织。如今，俄罗斯官员说，希望能够在今年年底以前正式成为世贸组织成员。
The 153-member World Trade Organization (WTO) is the agency overseeing the rules of international trade. It was founded in 1995, replacing an organization known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
世贸组织目前有153个成员国，世贸组织负责监管国际贸易法规的实施。现今的世贸组织是1995年成立的，它的前身是GATT --General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade --关税和贸易总协定。
Experts say to become a WTO member is a complex procedure. First, a country has to accept a whole series of agreements. They include a ceiling on tariff levels governments can impose on various imported goods and another dealing with the protection of intellectual property. In addition to accepting all the WTO rules, a country then has to settle bilateral trade agreements with all the countries that so desire. And finally, a country has to change many of its economic and trade laws to make them conform to international standards.
专家们说，申请成为世贸组织成员的过程是相当复杂的。首先，一个国家必须要接受整套的既定协议和法规，这其中包括政府能够给予各种进口物资设置的关税有固定的上限，另外还有保护知识产权的法规，等等。除了要接受世贸组织所有这些法规之外，想要申请加入世贸组织的国家还必须解决和所有国家之间的双边贸易纠纷，除非对方国家不想解决和申请国之间的贸易纠纷。最后，申请加入世贸组织的国家还必须对本国的经济和贸易法规进行调整，适应国际准则。
The last country to join the Geneva-based WTO was Ukraine in 2008. Russia has been negotiating for 18 years.
世贸组织的最新成员国是乌克兰，它在2008年加入了世贸。俄罗斯已经为世贸一事，同各方协商了18年之久。
David Christy, a lawyer and trade expert who has helped governments with their WTO bids, says a country that wants to join and is serious in meeting WTO requirements can become a member within three to four years.
大卫·克里斯帝是一位律师和贸易问题专家，他曾经帮助过不只一个国家申请加入世贸组织。克里斯帝说，一个国家如真想加入世贸组织、而且确实努力达到世贸组织的各项规定的话，一般只要三、四年的时间，就可以申请成功。
"When a country like Russia or China joins, it generally takes longer because the economy is so much more complex, but also because they are negotiating hard to minimize the obligations that they will be forced to undertake," said Christy. "And Russia was willing to put off its accession in order to ensure that the package of obligations it eventually accepts is as light as possible. And in that regard, kudos to them and their negotiators - I think they have done an excellent job. They have an exceedingly forceful negotiating style that tends to wear down other delegations. And so they are willing to keep the negotiating process going for year, after year, after year," Christy added.
他说：“像俄罗斯或者是中国这样的国家要加入世贸组织的话，一般会需要比较长的时间，因为这类国家的经济架构和内涵，比起一般国家来说，要复杂得多，同时也因为这些国家本身申请加入世贸期间，在谈判过程中，也非常下功夫，尽量减少不得不履行的责任。俄罗斯方面为了要保障它最后必须要履行的整套责任越少越好，宁愿推迟加入世贸组织。从这个意义上讲，不得不说俄罗斯方面和他们的那些负责谈判的人员做得不错。在我看来，他们做得非常出色。”克里斯帝是这样形容俄罗斯的谈判方式的：“他们的谈判方式可以说是非常有说服力，一般都会把其他谈判方谈垮，他们也很有耐心，不惜年复一年地谈下去。”
Anders Aslund, a Russia expert with the Peterson Institute for International Economics, says Russian President Dmitry Medvedev is a forceful advocate of Russia's WTO accession.
安德斯·阿斯兰德是美国彼得森国际经济研究所的一位俄罗斯问题专家。他说，俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫在俄罗斯加入世贸问题上，一直非常努力。
"He has been pushing it and substantial progress has been made in the last two years," said Aslund. "And the other period when there was substantial progress was the years 2000 to 2003 - President Putin's first term. But in between, say between 2003 and 2010, very little progress was made."
阿斯兰德说：“梅德韦杰夫一直在推动这件事，而且过去两年中，也确实取得了一些实质性的进展。另外，从2000年到2003年普京首次出任总统期间，也取得了一些实质性的进展。但是在2003到2010年期间，基本上没有任何进展。”
Experts say one major obstacle remains to Russia's WTO membership and that is Georgia's opposition to it. Under WTO rules, any member can block a new country from joining simply by vetoing it, because the organization operates by consensus.
专家们表示，俄罗斯加入世贸组织的一个主要障碍，是格鲁吉亚方面对此持有的反对意见。根据世贸组织的规定，任何一个成员国都可以行使否决权，不让新申请的国家“入世”，因为世贸组织的运作规则，是依靠所有成员国的认同。
Georgia has always strongly opposed Russia's support for the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Moscow and Tbilisi fought a brief war over them in 2008. Russia now considers the two independent states, a status not accepted by the international community.
格鲁吉亚一直反对俄罗斯支持从格鲁吉亚分离出去的阿布哈兹和南奥赛梯，格鲁吉亚和俄罗斯之间还在2008年就上述两个地区的问题，发动了短暂的战争。俄罗斯现在承认阿布哈兹和南奥赛梯是两个独立的国家，但是其他国家都没有承认这一点。
Anders Aslund says Georgia's opposition to Moscow's bid has to do with customs procedures between Russia and the two separatist regions.
彼得森国际经济研究所的阿斯兰德说，格鲁吉亚反对俄罗斯入世，与俄罗斯和上述两个地区之间的关税协议有关。
"What the Georgians are demanding is that there is some kind of multilateral control over trade flows through these two territories, South Ossetia and Abkhazia. And Russia has resisted it," Aslund noted.
阿斯兰德说：“格鲁吉亚现在要求的，是在有关阿布哈兹和南奥赛第两个区域的贸易问题上，能够有某种多边形式的控制。而俄罗斯方面一直抵制这一点。”
David Christy says the real issue is that Russia is treating the breakaway regions as being completely separate from Georgia - which is strongly opposed by Tbilisi.
从事法律和贸易事务的克里斯帝说，真正的问题在于俄罗斯将这两个分离出去的地区当作完全独立于格鲁吉亚的国家来对待，而这一点，是格鲁吉亚不能接受的。
"So that trade, in Russia's view, would be flowing from Russia through South Ossetia and then into Georgia," said Christy. "Whereas from Georgia's view, as soon as it crosses out of Russia, it's in Georgia as a matter of international law, even if Georgia doesn't fully control that territory."
克里斯帝说：“从俄罗斯的角度讲，贸易往来可以始自俄罗斯，经由阿布哈兹和南奥赛第，再到格鲁吉亚。但是，从格鲁吉亚的角度来讲，根据国际法，所有的贸易一旦出了俄罗斯，就进入了格鲁吉亚境内，尽管格鲁吉亚方面目前并没有对两个地区的进行全面管辖。”
The United States has backed Russia's entry into the WTO while at the same time saying it will not pressure Georgia to change its view. Experts are divided as to whether Russia will be able to resolve its differences with Georgia by the December 15-17 WTO ministerial meeting in Geneva.
美国一直表示支持俄罗斯加入世贸组织，但是同时表示，不会给格鲁吉亚施加压力，迫使它改变立场。俄罗斯能否在今年12月份世贸组织部长级会议在日内瓦召开之前，解决和格鲁吉亚之间的分歧，专家们目前也意见不一。
本帖最后由 蓝鱼o_0 于 2011-10-30 12:38 编辑
【10.29】题目：土耳其地震两百多死 伤亡仍在攀升
Search efforts are continuing in southeastern Turkey for survivors of Sunday's powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake. The number of dead reported has exceeded 200 and the death toll is expected to continue to rise.
土耳其东南部星期天发生强烈7.2级地震之后，搜救生还者的工作还在持续进行。据报导，死亡人数已经超过200，并且预计还会不断攀升。
Rescue workers are racing against time to find the hundreds of people believed to be trapped under the rubble of buildings that fell after the the quake.
搜救人员正在争取时间，尽快寻搜据信于地震发生后，数以百计仍旧困在倒塌建筑物废墟下的受难者。
Authorities say the 7.2 magnitude quake collapsed or severely damaged thousands of buildings.
官方表示，这次7.2级的强震摧毁或严重损坏的楼房，达数千栋。
Despite battling against the numerous aftershocks, rescue efforts have been successful.
尽管灾后余震不息，抢救工作还是成功的。
A women is dug out of her collapsed apartment block after being trapped for 10 hours. She calls out for her mother, who was injured.
一名妇女在她的公寓倒塌后，被困在废墟之下达10小时。她被救出后，还哭喊着为她受伤的母亲求救。
The survivors are from the town Ercis, one of the worst hit areas where as many as 100 buildings were reported collapsed.
这些生还者居住在埃尔吉斯镇，是几个受灾最严重的地区之一。据报导，那里有100栋建筑物倒塌。
Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Van, the main city in the quake stricken region, late Sunday. He warned there may still be worse news to come.
星期日较晚时刻，土耳其总理埃尔多安巡视了灾区的主要城市凡城，他警告说，可能还有更糟的消息传来。
He says the biggest concern is for the villages, because the buildings are made of clay and mud and are more vulnerable to quakes. He says almost all buildings in such villages are destroyed.
他说，最令人关切的，还是村庄的居民。因为他们的住家都是泥土砌成的，很容易被震夸。他说，这些村庄里，几乎所有房舍都被摧毁了。
With the telephone system failing in many places, there has been little news from the area. Many of the roads have also been cut, adding to the difficulties of rescue efforts.
由于许多灾区的电话系统已经不能使用，无法获知有关那些地方的灾情报导。许多道路也已中断，使得抢救工作更加困难。
The remote and mountainous southeastern region of Turkey where the quake struck is one of the poorest parts of the country. Weather conditions worsened late Sunday, with freezing temperatures and forecasts for snow.
土耳其东南部边远山区，是全国受灾中最穷困的地区之一。星期日晚间气候又恶化，气温冰冷，预测还要下雪。
Turkey has received offers of help from numerous countries including the United States, Greece and Israel.
土耳其目前接受了一些国家提供的援助，包括美国、希腊和以色列。
But Erdogan told reporters he has declined most offers of help.
不过，土耳其总理埃尔多安向记者表示，他拒绝了大部分国家提供的协助。
Turkey is particularly vulnerable to earthquakes because it sits on major geological fault lines.
In 1999, two earthquakes registering more than seven points on the Richter scale killed almost 20,000 people in densely populated parts of the north-west of the country.
【10.30】题目：美国就业人数增加，失业率不减
音频资料：http://www.24en.com/voa/news/2011-10-09/115335.html
The U.S. economy added 103,000 jobs in September, but the nation's unemployment rate held steady at 9.1 percent for the third straight month. Although September's job growth was stronger than most economists were expecting, it is still not growing fast enough for the millions of Americans looking for work.
美国的就业人数在9月份增加了10万3千，但全国的失业率却连续三个月维持在9.1%。尽管9月份的就业增长比大多数经济学家预期的都强，可还是不能满足数百万苦苦找工作的美国人的需要。
In many U.S. cities, frustration over the scarcity of jobs is spilling out into the streets in the form of protests, like the "Jobs Not Cuts" rally in Washington.
在很多美国城市，缺乏工作的困扰正在引起一波又一波的街头抗议，就像首都华盛顿出现的这场“要工作不要裁员”的示威活动。
Many, including rapper Godfrey James, say lawmakers are not doing enough to help unemployed Americans.
很多人，包括戈弗雷·詹姆斯，都说国会议员在帮助失业的美国人方面做得不够。
"Cause it's another dark night when the U.S. is needing light," said James. "Tell me is it fair? We got workers rights in the air, and the Congress hasn't put one jobs bill there."
“这又是一个漆黑的夜晚，而美国正需要亮光。告诉我，这公平吗？我们工人的权利化为乌有，可是国会竟连一个就业法案都没通过。”
Experts say hiring is likely to remain weak for the remainder of the year as companies wait for the economy to improve.
专家认为，由于企业在等待经济改善，今年内雇佣形势可能持续疲弱。
But rally organizer Shannon Mcleish says corporations are sitting on piles of cash while the rest of America struggles to make ends meet.
但是抗议集会的组织者香农·麦克利什说，大公司坐拥大堆现钞，而普通美国人却在为生计发愁。
"Yes, jobless numbers, poverty, unemployment, homelessness, health issues, no health insurance, you can trace it all back to the greed and the misinformation that has been propagated through our media," said Mcleish.
“是的，失业数字、贫困、没有工作、无家可归、健康问题、无医疗保险，你可以把这些问题都归结于贪婪，以及媒体传播给我们的错误信息。”
In New York, where the "Occupy Wall Street" movement appears to be gaining momentum, activists say the richest one percent own most of the country's wealth.
在纽约，“占领华尔街”运动看起来愈演愈烈。活动人士说，占美国人口百分之一的最富裕阶层掌握着国家大部分财富。
"I feel like the middle class has been almost completely wiped out now. Now, you have got the bottom class and the top class," said one protester.
一位男士说：“我感觉中产阶级现在已经基本上消失了。现在只有底层和上层。”
All told, about 14 million Americans are unemployed, nearly 40 percent have been out of work for more than six months.
大约1400万美国人现在没有工作，其中将近40%失业已经超过六个月。
This single mother says finding a decent job is even harder for women and minorities.
这位单身母亲说，女性和少数族裔要找到一份体面的工作更加困难。
"It's pretty discouraging, there's, it's also difficult especially for women to find flexible part time work where they can also take care of their children, that's a whole other issue," she said.
她说：“很令人沮丧。女性要找份便于照顾孩子的灵活的工作尤其不容易。这整个又是另外一个问题。”
President Barack Obama, who is running for re-election next year, is pressuring Congress to pass a $450 billion job creation plan. Republicans, who see the economy as the president's weakness, have blocked many of his initiatives and are unlikely to approve the package of tax cuts and public spending.
准备明年竞选连任的奥巴马总统正在给国会施加压力，促其通过一项4500亿美元的创造就业计划。认为经济是奥巴马软肋的共和党人已经封杀了他的许多提案，因此不大可能批准他的减税和减少公共开支的计划。
But small business owner Dave Finnegan says Americans need to remind politicians who's really in charge.
不过，小业主费尼根说，美国人有必要提醒政客们谁才是国家的主人。
"This is how things get done," said Finnegan. "That building, the Capitol building is only a place where they vote on stuff, it's not a place where things originate. Things originate with people in the street. This is a democracy and it has to start here."
“事情就是这样。那栋大厦，那栋国会大厦，只是一个他们投票表决的地方，不是事物的源头。普通民众才是一切事物的根本。这就是民主，一切都要从这里开始。”
While better than expected job numbers last month have helped calm fears of a new recession, the nation's chronic high unemployment is expected to be a major issue in 2012. And as the election draws near, analysts say the weak economy is likely to fuel more rallies.
虽然9月份好于预期的就业数据减轻了人们对美国经济可能再次陷入衰退的担忧，但是预计美国的失业率居高不下将成为2012年的主要问题。随着总统大选日益临近，分析人士说，经济疲软可能会引发更多的抗议集会。
【10.31】印度公司积极拓展海外投资机会
音频地址：http://www.24en.com/voa/news/2011-10-31/115536.html
Investments by Indian companies in foreign countries have risen sharply as they look for newer markets and resources to fuel a growing economy.
到外国投资的印度公司急剧增加，他们意图寻求更新的市场和资源来刺激印度发展中的经济。
For nearly 150 years, Harrisons Malayalam has grown rubber and tea on massive plantations in the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. But Managing Director Pankaj Kapoor says that despite the growing demand for both commodities, the company cannot develop new land in India.
将近150年来，印度的哈里森.马拉雅拉姆公司(Harrison Malayalam)在印度南部的泰米尔纳德邦和喀拉拉邦大片土地上种植橡胶和茶叶。管理主任卡普尔说，虽然对两种商品的需求持续增加，但公司无法在印度开发新的土地。
"To get land, say 10,000 hectares of land at one place, whichever be the state, is next to impossible, it's not available," noted Kapoor.
卡普尔说：“要在一个地方获得例如1万公顷的土地，无论在哪个邦都是不可能的。”
The company now plans to invest millions of dollars to develop rubber plantations in Africa.
这家公司现在计划在非洲投资数百万美元开发橡胶园。
Kapoor says they have scouted for land in countries like Ethiopia and Ghana.
"It's good to get the land in African countries, because the governments are very keen to get the investors overseas, they have large land, unutilized," Kapoor added. "We can bring in the technology and we can bring in the money."
Harrisons Malayalam is just one of scores of Indian companies which are pushing overseas in search of resources such as land and coal, newer markets, or technology.
哈里森.马拉雅拉姆公司只是向海外推进的大批印度公司之一。这些公司到海外寻找土地、煤矿等资源，以及更新的市场或科技。
Between April 2010 and March 2011 Indian companies invested nearly $44 billion overseas, more than double the previous year.
在2010年4月到2011年3月，印度公司在海外投资了将近440亿美元，比前一年增加了一倍多。
They have gone to Africa, Asia, Europe and Australia in sectors ranging from farming, pharmaceuticals and energy, to telecommunications and infrastructure. D.K. Joshi, chief economist at the Crisil consulting firm in Mumbai, says the growing investments are driven by several factors.
印度公司到非洲、亚洲、欧洲和澳大利亚投资，投资领域包括农业、制药、能源，通讯和基础建设等产业。位在孟买的克里斯尔顾问公司(Crisil)的首席经济学家乔什说，投资增加是几个因素使然。
"Indian corporates have been cash rich and on top of that the foreign exchange regulations were liberalized so that allowed Indians to go out," Joshi noted. "The valuations of foreign companies after the global financial crisis, they were pretty good, so it made sense to go out and acquire companies to expand the global footprint."
乔什说：“印度公司的现金一直很多，还有外汇规定放宽了，使得印度公司能到海外去。外国公司在全球金融危机后的估价很不错，所以印度公司到海外收购来拓展全球足迹是非常合理的。”
The overseas investors include some of India's biggest groups, including: Reliance Industries, the Tata conglomerate, the Essar Group and Bharti Airtel. The Tata conglomerate now earns more than half its revenues overseas.
印度的海外投资者包括了一些最大的集团，包括信实工业(Reliance Industries)、塔塔集团(Tata conglomerate)、爱莎集团(Essar Group)和巴帝电信(Bharti Airtel)。塔塔集团现在的营收有超过一半来自海外。
Chandrajit Banerjee, who heads the Confederation of Indian Industry, says Indian companies have become increasingly confident as they have grown in scale and size since India liberalized its economy two decades ago.
印度工业总会主席班尼杰说，印度公司的规模自从20年前经济自由化后越来越大，使得他们的信心大增。
"They became ambitious, their aspiration levels went up, and therefore they started looking offshore," said Banerjee. "Indian industry has today become much more competitive and therefore they are being able to acquire, they are able to match technology, they are able to export, they are able to invest."
班尼杰说：“他们野心勃勃、满怀抱负，他们开始望向海外。今天的印度工业有竞争力多了，所以他们能够收购、跟上科技、出口以及投资。”
Economists also say that as decision-making slows down in India in the wake of high profile corruption scandals, many businesses prefer to invest in what they call more "predictable" markets. A survey by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry suggests that business confidence in India has plunged due to high interest rates, frustration with governance and problems with issues such as land acquisition.
However, economist Joshi warns that the pace of overseas investments may slow down in the coming months due to concerns of another recession in Western countries.
然而，经济学家乔什警告，海外投资的步伐可能在这几个月慢下来，原因是西方国家出现另一波经济衰退的隐忧。
"I think the companies will try to preserve cash, because their margins are already coming under pressure, and I think there is also a fear that if the global economy crashes again, then I think there will be a credit freeze and you will require money," Joshi added. "So everybody is in a cautious mode right now, so they are likely to go a bit slow in their global acquisitions unless the dust settles on the global environment once again."
乔什说：“我想公司会把现金留着，因为他们的利润开始受影响，还有人担心如果全球经济再一次崩溃，将发生借贷冻结，而你就会需要现金。所以所有人现在都很谨慎，除非全球环境再次拨云见日，否则他们想放慢全球收购脚步。”
Meanwhile, the government says it wants to speed up the pace of economic reforms in such areas as labor laws and land acquisition to encourage Indian companies to invest more money at home.
在此同时，印度政府说将加快在劳动法和土地购买方面的经济改革速度，来鼓励印度公司留在印度投资。
劳工组织：经济衰退造出“受伤一代”
音频地址：http://www.24en.com/voa/news/2011-10-24/115467.html
The International Labor Organization (ILO) said the global recession has created – what it calls – a generation of “scarred” youth. It says frustration in finding good jobs has contributed to protests movements around the world.
国际劳工组织表示，全球经济衰退已经创造出该组织所谓的“受伤一代”年轻人。
ILO economist Steve Kapsos said this scarred generation of young workers continues to grow.
国际劳工组织的经济学家史蒂夫·卡普索斯说，“受伤一代”年轻工作者的人数在持续增加。
“If you look globally at the number of unemployed youth around the world (it) has increased dramatically as a result of the global economic crisis. We estimate that there’s about 4.6 million more unemployed youth today than in 2007,” he said.
他说：“全球经济危机导致的后果，你放眼全球可以看到，失业的年轻人在世界范围内大幅度增加。我们估计现在失业的年轻人比2007年的时候增加了大约4百60多万人。”
And they face short and long term challenges.
而且这些年轻人面临着短期或长期的挑战。
“Young job seekers are having to queue, wait, longer periods of time, before securing their first employment opportunity. The wages that they receive when they enter the labor market are lower than they otherwise would have been. And this really sets them off on a lower trajectory in terms of their employment and their careers,” he said.
卡普索斯说：“年轻的求职者现在确保他们第一次就业机会之前，必须得排队，等候比以往更长的时间。他们进入劳工市场后所得的报酬，也比他们原本应该得到的要低。这的确让他们在就业和职场上处于一种低水准的状况。”
Differences
Not all young unemployed or under employed are alike. Kapsos says there a difference between those in developed and developing nations.
不是所有年轻失业者或等待就业者的情况都一样。卡普索斯表示，发达国家和发展中国家的这些年轻人，情况有所不同。
“In developed economies, the challenge is really one of generating employment, lowering unemployment rates. In developing regions, it’s really the quality of employment, the productivity of employment where we see large numbers of young people living below the poverty line,” he said.
他说：“在发达经济体中，挑战主要是创造就业，降低失业率。在发展中国家，挑战主要是就业的质量，工作的生产率，我们在那些国家看到大量年轻人生活在贫困线以下。”
In sub-Saharan Africa, economic conditions differ from many other developing regions. That’s because it has fared a bit better during the recession.
在非洲撒哈拉以南地区，经济条件又和其他发展中国家有所不同，这是因为这个地区在全球衰退期间，境遇要相对好一些。
Kapsos said, “If you look at the unemployment rate in the sub-Saharan African region, our estimates show very little change during the global economic crisis. It’s really not an issue of unemployment in the region. It’s one of low productivity employment. We estimate in the countries for which we have data, about a quarter of young people around the world in developing countries are among the working poor. They’re working, but they’re living below the $1.25 poverty line. The figures in many sub-Saharan African countries are much higher than that.”
卡普索斯说：“如果你看撒哈拉以南非洲地区的失业率，我们的预计显示在全球经济危机期间，那里的失业率几乎没有什么变化。失业不是那个地区的问题。那里是属于就业工作生产率很低的地区。我们从掌握相关数据的一些国家的情况估计，世界发展中国家大约四分之一的年轻人都属于工作贫困型。他们在工作，但是他们生活在每天1.25美元的贫困线以下。这个比例在很多撒哈拉以南国家要高得多。”
Also, sub-Saharan African countries have had faster growth rates in recent years than many other regions. Kapsos says while that offers some hope for young workers, there are still some underlying problems.
同时，撒哈拉以南国家近年来的发展速度比其他很多地区要快。卡普索斯表示，尽管这为当地的年轻工作者带来了一些希望，但是仍然有一些潜在的问题。
“If you look at the sources of growth, a lot of it is commodities based. A lot of it is the extractives industry. And those are very capital intensive. They’re not labor intensive. So, there is a real challenge in terms of generating employment in the formal sector, formal wage employment, that can really lift people out of poverty,” he said.
他说：“如果你看这些经济增长的来源，会看到大量的增长是基于矿产品，其中大量增长来自采掘工业。这些工业是资本密集型的产业，而不是劳动密集型产业。因此，要努力在可以提供正常报酬的领域增加就业机会，而那些领域和部门才是能够真正让人们脱贫的。”
Not meeting demand
The ILO economist said a big reason for the high youth unemployment rate in the world is a skills mismatch. Young workers don’t have the skills needed for the jobs that are available.
这位国际劳工组织的经济学家表示，世界年轻人高失业率的一个主要原因在于技能不匹配。年轻人不具备胜任已有工作的技能。
Kapsos said education is one solution and improvements in education have occurred. But he says there are often wide education and skill gaps between men and women in developing countries.
卡普索斯说，教育是其中的一条解决之道，教育改进已经在进行。但是他表示，在发展中国家，男女之间通常存在很大的教育和技能差异。
Will things improve for young people when the global recession finally ends? Kapsos said not right away because labor markets typically lag behind the overall economic recovery.
当全球衰退结束之后，年轻人的境遇是否会改善呢？卡普索斯表示，不会立即改善，因为劳工市场通常都滞后于整体经济的复苏。
“When we’re talking about youth, it’s even worse than adults in terms of a delayed labor market recovery. Young people are often the first to be let go in an economic downtown, and they’re often the last ones to get back into the labor market and to secure employment when things pick up,” he said.
他说：“当我们谈论年轻人，他们与成年人相比，在滞后的劳工市场复苏方面所处的境遇更糟糕。在经济下滑的时候，年轻人通常是最早被解雇的，当经济回暖的时候，他们又是最后回到劳工市场的一批人。”
The International Labor Organization findings can be found in its new report Global Employment Trends for Youth: 2011 Update.
国际劳工组织的研究结果可以在该组织最新的全球青年就业趋势报告2011年更新版中找到。
响应号召，重拾英语，坚持会有收获的。 [双语新闻] 美国努力阻止“逆向人才流失”
声频地址：http://www.24en.com/voa/news/2011-11-02/115553.html
The U.S. Congress is debating how to overhaul the nation’s immigration system in an effort to get foreign nationals who earn advanced degrees at American universities to stay and work in the country to help the U.S. stay globally competitive.
美国国会正在讨论如何整顿国家移民体系，试图让那些在美国获得高等学位的外国人留在美国工作，来帮助美国保持在全球的竞争力。
Some are calling it a “reverse brain drain.”
所谓的“逆向人才流失”正在引起人们的深切关注。
Foreign students flock to American universities to earn master’s degrees and Ph.D.s in science, technology, engineering and math.
外国大学生源源不断地涌入美国大学，攻读科学、技术、工程以及数学的硕士和博士学位。
But many, like 25-year-old Yifang Wei from Xian in central China, may not be able to get a visa to work in the United States after graduation.
但是很多人在毕业之后无法拿到在美国工作的签证，就像来自中国西安的25岁的魏逸方(音译)。
“Yes, I am very worried, very worried,” said Wei.
魏逸方说：“是的，我很担心，非常担心。”
In 2009, foreign students earned up to two-thirds of the doctorates in physics and engineering awarded by U.S. schools of higher education.
2009年，在美国高等院校颁发的所有物理学和工程学博士学位中，三分之二是由外国学生获得的。
Xiao Qin is from Beijing and is working toward his Ph.D. in computer science at Georgetown University in Washington. He would like to work for Google, Yahoo or Microsoft.
来自北京的秦晓(音译)正在乔治城大学攻读计算机科学博士学位。他很想为谷歌、雅虎或者微软这类公司工作。
“Obviously, we prefer to stay here for several years, but if we cannot get any valid visa we have to leave,” he said.
秦晓说：“很显然，我们愿意留在美国几年，但是如果我们不能拿到任何有效的签证，那我们就不得不离开。”
The United States limits the number of foreigners who can seek careers in the United States, and critics say restrictive immigration policies hurt America’s ability to retain top students.
美国政府限制外国人在美国就业的人数，批评人士说，限制性的移民政策使美国难以留住尖子学生。
Representative Zoe Lofgren of California said, “While we once asked the brightest minds in the world to come and make their homes here, we now turn them away. Having educated and trained the world’s best students in our universities, we no longer welcome them to enrich this nation.”
加州众议员洛夫格伦说：“我们曾经邀请世界上那些最优秀的人才来美国并在这里安家，可是现在我们却将他们拒之门外。我们的大学教育训练了世界上最优秀的学生，然而却不再欢迎他们对这个国家作贡献。”
High-tech companies recruit workers at the nation’s top universities. But some, like Texas Instruments, say it can take 10 years for their foreign workers to become permanent U.S. residents.
美国高科技公司每年都在全国的一流大学招聘新人。但是其中一些公司，比如德州仪器公司，表示，他们的外国员工要等至少10年，才能成为美国的永久居民。
Darla Whitaker, senior vice president at Texas Instruments, said, “This is not sustainable. It hurts our company and our industry, and it places burdens and stresses on our employees.”
德州仪器公司的高级副总裁惠特克说：“不能这样下去了。这不仅伤害到了我们的公司和产业，还给我们的员工造成负担和压力。”
The United States now limits the number of immigrants from other countries on a country-by-country basis, meaning students from large nations generally have the longest wait.
美国政府对不同国家有不同的移民人数限制，来自大国的学生等待的时间往往比较长。
A recent study by the National Foundation for American Policy says a highly skilled Indian national could wait 70 years for permanent status.
美国国家政策基金会的最新研究结果显示，一个高技能的印度人可能要等70年才能获得永久居留权。
Vivek Wadhwa conducts research about immigrant entrepreneurs, and is on the faculty of Harvard and Duke Universities.
瓦德瓦同时在哈佛大学和杜克大学担任教职。他对移民企业家进行了深入的研究。
“We are out of touch. We are in a knowledge economy. It is all about competition. If we don’t keep these people, if we don’t compete, we are going to lose. We are going to become a third world country and they are going to become like us,” said Wadhwa.
瓦德瓦说：“我们脱节了。我们已经进入知识经济时期，一切都要竞争。如果我们不留住这些人才，如果我们不竞争，那么我们就会失败。我们很有可能变成第三世界国家，而第三世界国家会变成我们。”
Congress is studying ways to change America’s immigration policies.
美国国会正在研究改变美国移民政策的方案。
So far there has not been a consensus, however, on how to reverse the brain drain and keep scholars like Yifang Wei and Xiao Qin in the United States once they graduate from one of America’s top universities.
但是目前还没有达成共识，不清楚如何才能逆转人才流失的现状，如何才能把魏逸方和秦晓这样从美国一流大学毕业的人才留在美国。
【11.3】20国峰会将召开 债务危机是焦点
音频：http://www.24en.com/voa/news/2011-11-02/115554.html
Leaders of the G20 group of industrialized nations will meet in France later this week - with the threat of another economic crisis still looming over the world economy. The summit comes just days after European countries held an emergency meeting to try to save the euro currency.
工业化国家的20国集团领导人本周晚些时候将在法国开会，此时正值世界经济面临另一场危机。就在这次峰会召开几天之前，欧洲国家为争取挽救欧元举行了一次紧急会议。
The resort of Cannes is best known as a billionaire’s playground.
法国度假胜地戛纳以亿万富翁的游乐场而著称。
This week it’s austerity on the agenda, as G20 leaders gather here to discuss the dark shadows hanging over the world economy.
然而，本周在那里召开的峰会的议程却包括紧缩银根。20国集团领导人将在那里讨论笼罩在世界经济上空的乌云。
Twelve thousand French police will be backed by special forces and helicopter teams to keep the expected protesters at bay.
1万2千名法国警察在特种部队和直升飞机的支援下，要保持对预料中的抗议者的控制。
With the euro debt crisis still unresolved, there could be plenty of conflict within the summit, says Stephanie Rickard of the London School of Economics.
伦敦政治经济学院的斯蒂芬尼.里卡德说，在欧元区债务危机仍然没有解决的情况下，这次峰会中将会发生许多冲突。
“This is the opportunity for the G20 partners to weigh in on how they feel about the eurozone debt deal," said Rickard. "I think behind closed doors there will be very frank, very difficult discussions about the actual details of the program. Where’s the money going to come from? How’s it going to work? Is it going to contain the crisis within the eurozone? In public, they are going to be very careful about presenting a unified front, they’re going to try to be as optimistic as they can so that they don’t sink the eurozone deal.”
里卡德说：“这是一次机会，20国集团的成员可以仔细考虑他们对欧元区债务问题解决方案的看法。我认为，在闭门会议当中，与会者将对该计划的真实细节进行坦率和十分艰苦的讨论。需要的资金从哪里来？计划如何奏效？这项计划能否把这场危机限制在欧元区范围之内？而在公开场合，他们将会小心翼翼地表现出他们是一个统一阵线，尽可能让人们感觉到他们是乐观的，以便使欧元区债务解决方案不至于落空。”
European leaders agreed last week on a deal to try to stop the euro debt crisis spreading. Central to the plan is the beefing up of the EU’s bailout fund.
欧洲国家领导人上周商定了一项协议，要争取阻止欧元债务危机蔓延。这项计划的核心就是要加强欧盟的紧急救助资金。
Europe is looking east to countries like China for help. It’s not yet clear if they will ride to Europe’s rescue, says Tobias Blattner of Daiwa Capital Markets.
欧洲目前正在寻求中国这样的东方国家的帮助。日本大和资本市场公司的托拜厄斯.布拉特纳说，目前还不清楚这些国家是否愿意向欧洲伸出援手。
“At the G20 summit what we are really looking out for is some kind of commitment and real figures coming from these countries, that they clearly state that they will give money in order to support the euro area. And that is the next event that markets are looking out for,” said Blattner.
布拉特纳说：“在20国集团峰会上，我们真正想要看到的是某种承诺和这些国家愿意出钱的具体数字。也就是说，他们明确表示将会提供资金来帮助欧元区。这就是市场想要看到的下一个事件。”
Chinese President Hu Jintao arrived in Austria Monday before heading to Cannes.
The Chinese currency has long been a bone of contention at G20 summits.
中国国家主席**在前往戛纳之前于星期一抵达奥地利。
Europe and the United States accuse Beijing of keeping the Yuan artificially low to aid exports.
“China’s in a very interesting position. China has some power potentially," added Stephanie Rickard of the London School of Economics. "They can provide the resources to help bailout the eurozone economies, but in return they’re going to be asking for some leniency on the currency issue and potentially more power at the international bargaining table.”
After the late night euphoria at the euro meeting last week, investors are now looking to the G20 for detail on who will pay what.
上周的欧元会议深夜结束时与会者兴高采烈，在这之后，投资者目前开始观察20国集团峰会，想要了解支付方案的细节。
If that’s not forthcoming - analysts warn the chink of economic light emerging from Brussels will quickly be extinguished on the French Riviera.
如果这些方案细节不会出现的话，分析人士警告说，布鲁塞尔会议上显露出来的微弱的经济之光将迅速在法国的里维埃拉熄灭。
意大利经济困境引发大规模抗议
It was meant to be a peaceful effort to voice unhappiness over the government's failure to provide concrete responses to existing problems. But soon extremist elements infiltrated the demonstrators, turning their anger into violence.
抗议活动原本是要和平进行，以对政府没能对现有问题作出具体的回应表达不满。但是不久，极端主义分子渗透到示威者中，将他们的愤怒转变成暴力。
The streets of Rome saw scenes of urban guerrilla warfare that they had not witnessed in years.
首都罗马街头出现数年来未见到过的城市游击战场景。
Italy has Europe's second highest debt burden after Greece. Unemployment is high. Young and old find it very difficult to make ends meet.
意大利的债务占国内生产总值(GDP)的比例在欧洲国家中为第二高，仅次于希腊。该国失业率很高。年轻人和年老人难以维持开支。
Many students feel they have no prospects, no future. Among them is Camilla Polimadei, 17.
很多学生感到他们没有希望，没有未来。17岁的卡米拉·波利马代伊就是其中之一。
"I am worried about the fact the at the moment the way things are going I should no longer even bother studying because what's the point? I'll end up working as a hairdresser even if I get a degree," said Polimadei. "I don't want a future like this. I want a future that I earn what I want to become."
卡米拉说：“我对目前的事态发展感到担心，我甚至应该不再去上学，因为这有什么意义呢？就算我获得了学位，最后还是做一名理发师。我不想要这样的未来。我想要通过努力能达成愿望的未来。”
Her father is equally discontented.
卡米拉的父亲马可同样不满。
"Politics do not do the interests of the population," he said. "Politics does its own private interests, especially this government. We have seen it at all levels with the corruption and bad management. And those who pay for all this are citizens who pay their taxes and do not know where the money goes and where it is being invested."
马可说：“政治不为人民谋利益。政治是为了它自己的利益，这个政府尤其是这样。我们看到这个政府存在各种程度的F·B和糟糕的管理。为所有这一切买单的是人民。人们交税，但是不知道钱用到哪里去，钱用于哪些投资。”
The center-right government led by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi narrowly survived a confidence vote in parliament last week. Many feel it is time for a new leadership because this government lacks the ability to implement the needed reforms.
贝卢斯科尼总理领导的中间偏右政府上星期在国会的信任动议投票中勉强过关。许多人感到是时候拥有新领导层了，因为这个政府缺乏实施必需改革的能力。
The London School of Economics' Marco Simoni says Italy's inactive government has exacerbated the economic situation.
伦敦经济学院的马可·西摩尼说，意大利政府的懈怠加剧了当前的经济状况。
"It's like a spiral," Simoni noted. "Like you don't do your reforms. Because you didn't do the reforms, the economy gets worse. Because the economy gets worse, interest groups cling even more than before to what they have. And therefore reforms become even more unlikely."
西摩尼说：“这就像个螺旋。举例说你不实行改革。因为你没有实行改革，经济变得更糟。因为经济变得更糟，利益集团就比从前更加恋栈他们所拥有的东西。因此，改革就变得更不可能。”
Simoni says the economy could get worse before it gets better. And he says, while many believe a change of government would help solve the economic situation, Berlusconi will likely hold on to his leadership until elections in 2013.
西摩尼说，意大利经济在好转之前会变得更糟。他说，虽然很多人认为更换政府会有助于解决经济问题，但贝卢斯科尼将可能一直担任领导职务，直到2013年大选。
Italians hold out little hope that their economic conditions will change any time soon. They feel poorer and poorer and more demonstrations are expected. Now authorities are discussing what measures need to be adopted to avoid a repeat of what was described as incredible and unacceptable violence.
意大利民众不指望经济状况会很快改善。他们感到越来越贫困，预计会出现更多的示威抗议。目前当局在讨论需要采取哪些措施以避免再次发生他们所说的难以置信和不可接受的暴力事件。
【11.7】英国波兰移民收入好于其它族裔
Nearly 7 million immigrants live in Britain, and one particular group has grown drastically since 2004 when their countries were admitted to the EU. Today 600,000 Eastern Europeans reside in Britain, of which 66 percent are Poles. The Polish community keeps growing and is faring better than the rest during tough economic times in the UK.
英国有700万移民，而在2004年波兰加入欧盟之后，波兰在英国的移民急速增长，至今移居英国的东欧人多达60万人，其中波兰人的比例高达66%，波兰裔移民不断增多，并且在经济衰退中比其它移民的经济状况要好。
Cooking up a little taste of home. That’s the goal each night at London’s oldest and arguably most well-known Polish restaurant - Gessler at Daquise.
把一些家乡风味菜肴摆上餐桌，是伦敦达奎兹历史最久、也可以说是著名的波兰餐馆--格斯勒每天晚上要完成的目标。
But it’s more than food for many at this restaurant - which sits in an old Polish community turned posh London neighborhood.
对很多人来说，前往这家餐馆就餐不仅仅是为了风味食品，这里还是老旧的波兰人社区改造成的伦敦豪华社区。
For Polish immigrant and waiter Jarek Hunek, it's not only a job, but a place where he can connect with other Poles in London. He relied on friends in this tight-knit and growing community - concentrated in West London - when he moved to the Britain earlier this year.
对波兰移民、在此作服务生的佳利克来说这不仅仅是一个工作，也是一个在伦敦可以和其它波兰人联络的场所。他今年稍早移民到英国以后，依靠朋友的帮助，在这个稠密和不断发展的伦敦西区落了脚。
“They helped me to find a job and an accommodation, a room in their home. They explain everything I should know about England and London,” said Hunek.
他说：“他们帮我找到了工作和住所，寄宿在朋友家。他们告诉了我在英国和伦敦各种各样应该了解的事情。”
Czhanuek also had one other advantage in his job search.
佳利克说他找工作还有一个优势：
“And it was easy for me - because as you can hear I speak English, so it was much easier," he said.
“我讲英语，我们谈话中显然你已经了解了这一点，所以我工作起来很顺利。”
Analysts say fluency in English is a big advantage for immigrants looking for work. But a willingness to take any job also helps and is a key part of why 84 percent of Poles in Britain are employed. That number is higher than that of the native population.
分析人士说，英语流利对想找工作的移民来说是一个很大的强项。还有就是他们什么工作都愿意作， 这就是为什么84%的波兰移民都有工作的一个关键所在。这个数字比英国本国人的就业比率还高。
Oxford University’s Carlos Vargas Silva said Poles are faring better than other immigrants during this recession because they normally come for work - not family reasons.
剑桥大学的卡洛斯.席尔瓦说， 在当前经济衰退的情况下，波兰人的经济状况比其它移民好很多，这是因为他们移民的目的是为了工作，不是由于家庭的原因。
“They are willing to accept jobs in the labor market that are different from the ones that the local population is willing to accept. So they are willing to accept jobs that are very low given their skills.”
席尔瓦说：“在劳务市场上，他们愿意干当地人不愿意作的工作，而跟他们的技能相比， 这些工作要低很多。”
Many are highly skilled and educated like Hunek, who has a nursing degree but has chosen to work in the food industry.
很多波兰人受过高等教育，有很好的技术，就像佳利克一样，尽管他有护士学位，但是却选责了餐饮服务工作。
Economist Jonathan Portes said despite the fact many Poles and other Eastern Europeans are overqualified for low paying work in Britain, many are young and likely will move up in the job market.
经济学家乔纳森.波特斯说，尽管波兰人和很多东欧移民在英国做的是薪水较低的工作，对这些工作而言， 他们的资历过高，但是很多年轻人都有望在就业市场上不断迁升。
“My view would be that in the short term that is actually not too much of a problem because they are mostly young. They will move on,” said Portes.
波特斯说：“我的观点是，短期来说，可以说没有什么大问题，因为他们大都年轻，能不断迁升。”
But for older immigrants, like 57-year-old Edward Brzychcy, being fluent in English is not enough. He has been looking for a job in Britain for a year. And he said the job search is made harder by all the young, educated applicants.
然而对年长的移民来说，比如57岁的爱德华，英语的流利程度还不行。他在英国找工作已经有一年时间了。他说找工作的历程让那些年轻、受过教育的申请人搞得非常艰辛。
“But there are people, as you see here, from all over the world. And everyone is trying to find a job. And that's what I am trying to find, too. I hope I will be able to find it finally because I don’t intend to go back to Poland,” said Brzychcy.
爱德华说：“有很多从世界各地来的人，每个人都想申请工作，我也必须找工作养家糊口。我希望最终能找到一份工作，因为我不想回波兰去了。”
And neither does Hunek. He not only has a job, but one he enjoys and that allows him to straddle the best of his two worlds: From the sidewalks of fashionable London he takes a few steps through a glass door to the sights and smells of childhood back in Poland.
佳利克也不想返回波兰了。他有了一份很乐意做的工作，在那里他可以享受到他的两个世界中最好的东西，外面是伦敦时尚的街道，推开玻璃门走进餐馆就是他儿时在波兰所见所闻的美味佳肴。
【11.10】
美国军事法庭将审判科尔号爆炸嫌犯
A Saudi Arabian man accused of being the mastermind behind the bombing of the USS Cole in 2000 is scheduled to be arraigned Wednesday, Nov. 9 before a military commission at Guantanamo Bay. Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri could face the death penalty if convicted.
被控于2000年策划爆炸袭击美国科尔号军舰的嫌犯，沙特人阿卜德.拉希姆.纳希里将于下周三在关塔那摩湾的军事委员会接受初审。如果被判有罪，他可能被处以极刑。
The suicide attack on the U.S. naval vessel in Yemen’s Port of Aden left a gaping hole in the side of the ship, killing 17 sailors and wounding dozens of others.
2000年10月12日，停泊在也门亚丁港的美国海军舰艇科尔号遭到自杀式炸弹袭击，船身被炸开一个大洞，爆炸造成17名美国水兵丧生，几十人受伤。
"Bringing to justice the perpetrators of the October 12, 2000 attack is a vital part of our counterterrorism mission and we will dedicate whatever resources are needed to get the job done," said FBI director Robert Muller.
美国联邦调查局局长穆勒说：“将制造2000年10月12日爆炸袭击的犯罪嫌疑人绳之以法，是我们反恐任务的关键部分，我们将使用一切必要的人力物力来完成这项工作。”
Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri was captured in 2002, held in secret CIA prisons overseas, and transferred to Guantanamo Bay in 2006. He is one of 15 high-value detainees held at Guantanamo and is the first to face a military tribunal since U.S. President Barack Obama lifted a freeze on such trials earlier this year.
阿卜德.拉希姆.纳希里于2002年被抓获，关进了中央情报局在海外的秘密监狱，后于2006年转移到关塔那摩湾看守所。此人属于关塔那摩湾的15名重要嫌疑人之一，自从美国总统奥巴马今年早些时候解除了有关禁止军事法庭审讯有关嫌犯的禁令后，纳希里是首名受到军事法庭审判的关塔那摩囚犯。
“I would just tell you we are training, we are ready," said Colonel Donnie Thomas, who is in charge of security at the Guantanamo Bay detention facility. "We have held commissions before and this will be another commission with a little bit more spotlight to it and so we are prepared for that.”
关塔那摩湾拘留中心负责安全问题的汤尼.托马斯上校说：“我要告诉大家我们在不断培训，已经准备就绪。我们过去设立过军事委员会，这次将是一个不同的委员会，会受到更多的关注，对此我们是有准备的。”
Nashiri is charged with murder, terrorism and conspiracy and could face the death penalty. Nashiri’s attorneys argue he should not be tried because he was subject to the near-drowning technique called waterboarding and mock executions.
纳希里被控犯有暗杀、恐怖主义和阴谋行动，最高刑法是死刑。纳希里的律师尤金.菲德尔争辩说，纳希里不应该受到审判因为他曾受到致人于死亡边缘的残酷水刑的折磨。
Attorney Eugene Fidell is a lecturer on military law at Yale University, and has long criticized the Guantanamo process.
尤金.菲德尔是耶鲁大学军事法律学讲师，他长期以来都对关塔那摩湾的作法进行批评。
“It is a bad thing to be conducting these trials at Guantanamo," he said. "They should be conducted - if we have people who have committed federal crimes they should be tried in a proper federal court.”
他说：“在关塔那摩湾进行审判是件坏事。如果有人犯下了联邦罪，那他们应该在一个相应的联邦法庭接受审判。”
But Congress has blocked attempts to bring Guantanamo detainees for trial in the U.S. and efforts to close the detention center have failed so far.
但是国会已经决定不准将关塔那摩湾的囚犯送往美国境内受审。而到目前为止，关闭关塔那摩湾拘留中心的努力一直没有成功。
After Nashiri’s arraignment a military judge is expected to set the schedule for the trial.
对纳希里进行初审之后，一名军事法官将为军事审判安排时间。
Military law expert Cully Stimson of the Heritage Foundation says the process could take a long time.
军事法专家、传统基金会的克里.史汀生认为，这个过程可能需要很长时间。
“I think a year or two or more delay for defense to get ready for trial is not unreasonable and I would not be surprised if a military judge grants them all the time they need,” he said.
他说：“我认为准备辩护过程至少需要一两年甚至更长，这并不超出合理范围。如果军事法官批准给予辩护律师必要的时间来准备，我并不会感到惊讶。”
The case will be heard at Guantanamo’s Camp Justice in a courtroom so secure no photographs are allowed even outside the building.
这个案子将在关塔那摩湾拘留中心法院的一间法庭审理，监管严密，甚至在建筑物外摄影都是绝不允许的。
【11.11】印尼与第六届年度东亚峰会
Next week (November 14-19), leaders from 18 nations will gather on the Indonesian island of Bali for the sixth annual East Asia summit. The regional economic and security forum has steadily gained in importance in recent years and this year for the first time includes the leaders of the United States, Russia and China. The host nation Indonesia has raised the profile of the summit through its consensus-building work as chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
下个星期，来自18个国家的领导人将出席在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行的第六届年度东亚峰会。近年来，这个地区经济与安全论坛的重要性稳步增加。今年的东亚峰会首次把美国、俄罗斯和中国包括进来。东道主印尼作为东南亚国家联盟的主席国通过建立共识提高这次东亚峰会的声望。
Temple mediation
When violent clashes between Thailand and Cambodia erupted in February, about disputed border claims near a historic Hindu-Khmer temple, Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa used his position as chairman of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to act as a mediator.
今年2月，泰国和柬埔寨之间爆发了一场暴力冲突，起因是双方都声称对一个历史上著名的印度教-高棉庙宇附近的有争议的边界拥有主权。印尼外长马蒂利用他作为东盟主席的身份进行调停。
During the months of shuttle diplomacy that followed, Natalegawa defended ASEAN's consensus-building approach while also acknowledging that the absence of any threat of political or economic sanctions makes his job more difficult.
在接下来的穿梭外交活动中，马蒂在承认没有政治或经济制裁的威胁手段使他难以开展工作的同时，也为东盟国家建立共识的做法进行辩护。
"Diplomacy, it's not only about pressure and sanctions but also about encouragement. We'll see. The jury is still out. Come back to me in a little bit and see where we are," he said.
马蒂说：“外交手段不仅包括施加压力和实施制裁，还有鼓励的手段。我们将会看到事态的发展，目前还没有定论。过些时候你们来见我的时候，我们再看发展到哪一步了。”
Natalegawa managed to get the two member states to agree in principle to a cease-fire agreement, but has been unable to actually implement the plan which calls for stationing Indonesian peacekeepers in the conflict zone.
马蒂设法让这两个成员国在原则上同意一项停火协议，可是并不能实际上执行这个要求在冲突地区驻扎印尼维和部队的计划。
Such diplomacy has made the ASEAN forum, and its East Asia summit, increasingly important for a region with about half of the world’s population and many of its fastest growing economies. U.S. officials routinely call the Asia-Pacific region one of the most dynamic and significant for American interests in the coming decades.
这种外交活动使东盟论坛和东亚峰会在这个拥有世界大约一半人口以及许多经济发展最快的经济体的地区越来越重要。美国官员经常把亚太地区称为今后几十年世界上最具活力并且对美国利益具有重要意义的地区之一。
South China sea diplomacy
At the last ASEAN regional security summit, in July, Natalegawa hailed an agreement between China and ASEAN to resolve disputed claims in the oil-rich South China sea, even though the agreement only called for both sides to develop a process to eventually reach an agreement.
And, on the sidelines, officials from North and South Korea held informal talks, sparking hope for the eventual resumption of the six-party talks on North Korea’s nuclear programs.
利用那次峰会的间隙，朝鲜和韩国举行了非正式会谈，从而使人们感到有望看到最终恢复有关朝鲜核计划的六方会谈。
Dewi Fortuna Anwar, Indonesia's deputy secretary to the vice president for political affairs says, although the ASEAN summits rarely produce ground breaking agreements, they play an important role in maintaining regional peace and stability.
印尼副总统的政治事务助理安华说，尽管东盟峰会很少会产生开创性的协议，但它们在维护地区和平与稳定方面发挥了重要的作用。
"The most you can do is to try to diffuse tension and hopefully also to develop a mechanism for creating linkages between the parties so that the parties will see it is in their interest to cooperate, rather to carry out the rather adversarial relationships," said Anwar.
安华说：“你充其量可以争取化解紧张局势，有望发展出一种使各方建立联系的机制，以便使有关各方看到，合作而不是诉诸武力符合它们的利益。”
Burma issue
Also on the East Asia summit's agenda will likely be Burma's bid to take the annual chairmanship role of ASEAN in 2014. ASEAN has expressed conditional support as a incentive to further democratic progress made by recent elections and the release of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and some other political prisoners. Some human rights groups argue that ASEAN should take a tougher approach and first pressure Burma to live up to the organization's own democracy and human rights principles.
这次东亚峰会很可能还有一项议程，那就是缅甸要争取在2014年担任东盟轮值主席。
Anwar says supporting Burma or Myanmar's bid is risky for ASEAN's credibility as it moves to become an integrated regional organization in 2015 that establishes principles of democracy and the rule of law.
安华说，支持缅甸的申请对于东盟的声誉有一定的风险。因为东盟要在2015年成为一个整合的地区组织，该组织要建立其民主与法治的原则。
"If significant reforms are not made or if there are some setbacks in the reform then there is always the possibility that Myanmar's chairmanship of ASEAN, just one year before the ASEAN community is supposed to take place could spell real disaster, real public relations disaster for ASEAN," said Anwar.
安华说：“如果缅甸没有实行重大的改革，或者在改革方面受到一些挫折，那么，缅甸在距离东盟成为新共同体只有一年的时间担任东盟轮值主席就可能带来一场真正的灾难，一场东盟的公共关系灾难。”
But she says, especially in these times of regional economic growth, the "ASEAN way" of focusing on mutual interests, offering encouragement and building consensus over time is the most effective way to ensure peace and stability.
不过她说，特别是在地区经济增长的这段时期，长期聚焦共同利益、提供鼓励以及建立共识这种“东盟解决问题方式”是确保和平与稳定的最有效的途径。
11.14
Senior officials from 21 countries are meeting in Hawaii this week for the annual summit of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, or APEC. This year's host, President Barack Obama, will meet with other Asia-Pacific leaders Saturday and Sunday.
来自21个国家的领导人本星期将在夏威夷召开亚太经合组织首脑会议。今年的东道主奥巴马总统将于周六和周日会见其它亚太领导人。
Security is in force in Honolulu, as 10,000 people gather for the summit, including national leaders, government ministers, business executives and reporters.
随着各国领导人、政府部长、商界领袖以及新闻记者等总共1万多人前来参加这次峰会，檀香山加强了安全警界。
This year the United States hopes to expand trade and coordinate regulations in the Pacific region and announce a framework for the so-called Trans-Pacific Partnership, a Pacific free trade zone. It would be built on an existing trade agreement involving Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore.
今年APEC峰会的东道国美国希望扩大贸易，在太平洋地区协调相关规则，并计划宣布成立跨太平洋伙伴关系合作组织，即形成一个太平洋自由贸易区。这个组织将以现存的贸易协议为基础，其成员国为缅甸、智利、新西兰和新加坡。
American negotiators are spearheading the effort to expand the partnership to include the United States, Australia, Malaysia, Peru and Vietnam. Japanese farmers and fishermen rallied Tuesday against the possible involvement by their nation after news reports said Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda will soon announce that Japan will join the talks.
美国谈判人员正在努力扩大合作关系，以便让美国、澳大利亚、马来西亚、秘鲁以及越南都能进入这个组织。日本农民和渔民星期二举行集会，反对日本加入这个组织，此前有报道说，日本首相野田佳彦将很快宣布加入伙伴关系的谈判。
The United States is urging restrictions on subsidies to state-owned enterprises, which would have an impact on China, whose mixed economy is making the transition from state ownership to private enterprise. A Chinese official said this week that China has not been asked to join the free trade partnership.
美国呼吁限制政府对国有企业补贴，这可能使中国受到冲击，因为中国经济正处于转型期，企业正在经历从国有制转成私有制的过程。一名中国官员本周说，中国没有受邀加入贸易伙伴关系。
Political scientist Christopher McNally of the East-West Center says the U.S. Congress would probably not approve the agreement if China were included, at least for now. But Vietnam has joined the talks, and he notes that Vietnam is making the same transition. He says APEC is a good forum to reach limited agreements that involve only some of the member nations.
东西方中心的政治学者麦克纳利说，如果中国也加入其中，美国国会很有可能不批准协议，至少在现阶段会如此。不过越南加入了谈判，他指出，越南也在进行经济体制改革。他说APEC是一个很好的论坛，APEC是推动这类协议的好机会。
“It's a venue where leaders can get together to discuss facilitation of trade, investment and other economic issues within the Asia-Pacific. But, agreements that are binding tend to be forged at a smaller level because it's very difficult to get all 21 economies to agree on one issue,” noted McNally.
他说：“各国领导人可以在这里讨论如何促进亚太地区的贸易、投资和其他经济问题，可是要达成具有约束力的协议却要在较小规模的范围里进行，因为要让21个经济体在某个问题上达成一致是很难的。”
American officials, including Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, are asking APEC nations to reduce tariffs on environmentally sustainable goods and services, including wind turbines and solar power panels.
国务卿希拉里.克林顿等美国官员要求APEC会员国在有利环境、可持续发展的商品上减少关税，例如在风力发电机和太阳能接收板上给予方便。
China has said the U.S. goals are too ambitious and are beyond the reach of developing countries. Analyst McNally says American trade agreements are more complex than China's and typically deal with issues other than trade.
中国说，美国的目标过于雄心勃勃，超过了发展中国家所能承受的水平。分析人士麦克纳利说，美国贸易比中国的要复杂许多，通常会涉及一些与贸易无关的问题。
“They also include environmental standards, they include labor standards. The include also product standardization, things like that," said McNally.
他说：“这些问题包含环境标准、劳工标准，以及某些产品标准化等相关问题。”
He says Chinese agreements focus on such basic issues as reducing tariffs and quotas and harmonizing customs standards.
他说，中国的协议集中在基本问题上，例如减少关税，制订定配额以及协调海关标准等。
Both kinds of issues will be tackled in meetings at successively higher levels. President Obama will host the APEC leaders at a dinner Saturday, and the summit will wrap up with a meeting of the leaders Sunday.
这两种问题都将在不同的高层会议上讨论解决。奥巴马总统将在周六的晚宴上招待各国领导人，首脑会谈将于星期天结束。
11.16
美庆祝退伍军人节老兵谈出兵海外
The United States observes Veterans Day November 11, a national holiday to remember and honor military veterans of all wars. Veterans Day dates back to the end of World War I in 1918. This year it falls less than two months before all U.S. troops are due to leave Iraq, and while nearly 100,000 American service members are still in Afghanistan. Veterans of those recent wars have differing views about the U.S. military presence abroad.
今天是美国的退伍军人节(Veterans Day)。在美国，这是一个全国性的假日，纪念所有参与过各项战事的军人。退伍军人节可以追溯到1918年第一次世界大战结束的日期。今年的退伍军人节，距离美国从伊拉克撤军不到两个月的时间，但是美国依然有将近10万官兵驻扎在阿富汗。
Inside a classroom at Santa Monica College, a group of students meet once a week to make friends and for support. They are all military veterans, and for some, such as Monica Scates, the horrors of war are still very real.
这几个学生每个星期都要到圣莫尼卡大学的一个教室聚会，交友，同时也是为了彼此之间的相互支持。他们都是在军队里服过役的。对于其中一些人来讲，战争的恐怖至今还历历在目。莫尼卡·斯盖茨就是一个。
“When I came home it took three years to transition after getting out. That was such a feeling of being lost, that we were given no transitional training, no decompression,” she said.
她说：“我退役回家之后，整整花了三年的时间，调整心态。那时候感到不知所措，而且也没有接受任何调整心态、回到正常生活当中的培训。”
Scates served in the first Gulf War against Iraq 20 years ago. When she returned home she was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.
斯盖茨20多年前在第一次海湾战争中服过役。她从战场上退下来以后，明显感受到了自己患有创伤后精神紊乱症(post-traumatic stress disorder)。
“I lost my marriage. I lost my family, my home,” she said.
她说：“我的婚姻破裂，家人离我而去，住房也没了。”
Scates eventually received treatment, and has just started college.
后来，斯盖茨得到了治疗，她开始到社区大学念书。
Fellow Army veteran Daniel Anderson served in both Iraq and Afghanistan. He joined the military shortly after finishing high school.
丹尼尔·安德森也是一位退役军人。他在伊拉克和阿富汗都服过役。安德森是高中毕业后不久参军的。
"I gave myself an ultimatum. If I don't do well in college, I'll join the military," Anderson said.
他说：“我给自己下了一条命令：要是书念得不好的话，干脆就入伍参军。”
Another veteran of the war in Afghanistan, Christopher Bellingham, joined the Army for the education benefits that military service provides.
谈到为什么要入伍参军，克里斯托夫·贝林汗姆说，他之所以入伍是因为看中了参军入伍以后，军人能够享受的那些教育方面的福利。贝林汗姆在阿富汗战事中服役。
"I wanted some money for college," Bellingham said.
While these three Army veterans had military experience under combat conditions, their views about America’s future course in Iraq and Afghanistan are not the same.
虽然上面提到的这三位退役军人都亲历过战事，但是他们对美国在伊拉克和阿富汗战事的前景，却有着不同的看法。
Scates says U.S. troops should not leave Iraq at the end of this year. “To be honest with you, no, because it will be just like what we did during Vietnam. We have to stabilize the people first. They don’t have a stable government. They don’t have a stable force,” she said.
斯盖茨说，美国不应该在今年年底之前，从伊拉克全部撤军。她说：“我的想法是，不应该；因为如果撤军的话，结果就跟我们在越战中的作法没有什么不同。我们应该先把当地的局势搞定，那里目前没有一个稳定的政府，也没有一个稳定的军队可言。”
Anderson disagrees. “I think it’s about time that we pull out because they, I think, are ready to stand up take it on their own,” he said.
但是，安德森则不这么想。他说：“我认为，应该撤军了，因为我看他们已经准备好，能撑住的。”
Anderson says he is not sure whether the fight in Iraq was worth the cost, in either human or military terms.
安德森说，美国对伊拉克的战事，无论是从军事的角度、还是从人的付出的角度来说，都很难说，是不是值得。
“I’m glad Saddam Hussein was ousted from power. And there is a lot of corruption, and you can see it. ... But that’s just a much more muddied water, you know. I think that war was a political, strategic war, as opposed to a necessary, on-the-ground fight,” Anderson said.
他说：“我很高兴萨达姆·候赛因被赶下台了，现在F·B很严重，是看得到的。不过，那场战事本来就不是那么明朗，在我看来，那是一场政治性的、战略性的战事，而不是完全有必要展开的、必须打的战争。”
Bellingham says the U.S. should also get out of Afghanistan.
贝林汗姆认为，美国不仅应该从伊拉克撤军，也应该从阿富汗撤军。
"There’s no purpose any more. We’ve pumped so much money in that economy that we are their GDP . We are how they’re making money now. Regardless of when we pull out, they’re not going to be able to sustain to the level we brought them up to. The longer we’re there, the more damage we ... bring," Bellingham said.
他说：“现在已经没有什么目标可言了，我们在那儿投入了这么多的钱，我们实际上就是他们的国民生产总值，就是他们赚钱的方式。不管什么时候撤军，他们都没有能力保持我们帮助他们达到的那个水平。留守的时间越长，后患越多。”
But Anderson says the Afghan people need U.S. help against the Taliban.
不过，安德森说，阿富汗人需要美国的帮助，来对付塔利班。
"I think the people are really oppressed by that terrible organization. I think that one is really worth fighting for," he said.
“我认为，当地人确实是受到塔利班这个坏透了的组织的压制，我认为，阿富汗战事还是很值得打的。”
All three veterans say they don’t think the Americans fully understand what their troops are fighting for in Iraq and Afghanistan. In part, they blame the American news media.
三位退役军人都说，普通的美国人根本不能充分理解美国出兵到伊拉克和阿富汗是为了什么。他们说，这在一定程度上，是媒体造成的。
"The 'talking heads' on TV ... It gets lost in opinion as oppososed to fact," Anderson said.
安德森说：“电视上那些专搞评论的，他们只是侃侃而谈，根本没有着重事实。”
For these veterans, their experiences in the military are shaping their future plans.
对这些退役军人来说，军旅生涯对他们一生的未来都有着不可沫灭的影响。
Monica Scates wants to help homeless veterans.
斯盖茨说她要帮助那些无家可归的退役军人。
“I want to work with vets, I want to get them off the streets,” Scates said.
“我想要帮助那些有障碍的退役军人，不让他们无家可归。”
Christopher Bellingham wants to conduct research on brain disorders, such as post traumatic stress syndrome.
贝林汗姆打算在大脑功能失调方面进行研究，比如说，研究创伤后精神紊乱症。
"Definitely experiencing and seeing my friends go through PTSD, and their emotional coping, piqued a greater curiosity and drive," Bellingham said.
他说：“不用说，看到我那些朋友们经历创伤后精神紊乱症，如何艰难地挣扎，这对于我来说，都是动力。”
Anderson wants to be a screenwriter, to tell the story of what he saw.
与此同时，安德森说，他想要当一名剧作家，把自己的所见所闻，告诉世人。
Their experiences in war changed the lives of these three veterans, and they hope that life experience will enable them to change the lives of others - the people they will touch in their future careers.
亲历战事，无疑改变了这三名退役军人的人生。他们都希望能够借助自己的人生经历，通过未来的职业生涯，让他人生活得更美好。
宾州州立大学校长和教练因性侵案被解雇
The arrest on child-abuse charges of a one-time assistant football coach at a prominent American university has quickly broadened into a major scandal. The president of Pennsylvania State University and the school's enormously popular football coach, Joe Paterno, have been dismissed, and further consequences are expected.
美国一所著名大学的前美式足球助理教练由于性侵犯儿童的指控而被捕的事件已迅速扩大成一个重大的丑闻。宾夕法尼亚州立大学校长和该校极受欢迎的足球主教练帕特诺已被撤职，预料这一事件还会有进一步的后果。
Penn State, as the school is called in the U.S., reacted decisively to show its senior officials must be held accountable if they fail to take action against such abuse.
最近前宾州州立大学足球队主管防守的助理教练桑达斯基因涉嫌性侵犯而被捕。
The recent arrest of the former defensive coordinator for the Penn State university football team, Gerald Sandusky, created a cascade of events dominating U.S. media headlines.
Sandusky is being charged with sexually abusing eight boys over a period of 15 years. Several more accusers have come forward to police. Sandusky denies the accusations, and his lawyer says he has already been tried in the court of public opinion.
桑达斯基被控在15年期间性侵犯了8名男童。另外还有更多的人向警方控告他的这一罪行。桑达斯基否认对他的指控，他的律师说，桑达斯基已经受到舆论法庭的审判。
Still, the arrest did not take long to have other effects.
Legendary football coach Joe Paterno, who was still coaching at the age of 84, with a record 409 victories to his credit, was fired, as were top university officials.
宾州大学的足球主教练、传奇人物帕特诺和该校一些最高层官员已被撤职。此前，宾州大学的足球主教练、84岁高龄的帕特诺创下了409场胜利的记录。
Angry sports commentators are saying the entire football team, which brings the university more than $50 million in profit every year, should also quit its season now.
愤怒的体育评论员们说，这个足球队全体也应当退出本次赛季。宾夕法尼亚州立大学足球队每年为该校带来5000万美元以上的利润。
Paterno had been told about Sandusky violating a boy in 2002. At the time, Sandusky was running a charity for foster children with activities at the football team’s practice center. Paterno told his superiors but not police.
2002年，帕特诺被告知桑达斯基对一名男童有性侵犯的行为。当时，桑达斯基管理着一个收养儿童的慈善机构，并且在这个足球队的练习中心进行活动。帕特诺把这件事向上级做了报告，但并未通知警方。
Child abuse in the United States is mainly the responsibility of states and local governments.
在美国，处理儿童性侵案主要是州政府和地方政府的责任。
In Pennsylvania, telling your superiors is what you are mandated to do, while in other states failure to report knowing about child abuse can be a crime.
在宾夕法尼亚州，你必须把有关性侵儿童案报告上级。而在一些其他的州，对儿童性侵案知情不报则属于犯罪行为。
Pennsylvania state police commissioner Frank Noonan was clear about his priorities.
宾夕法尼亚州警察厅长弗兰克.努南很清楚在这个案件中需要优先解决的问题。
"This is not a case about football, about universities. It is a case about children who have had their innocence stolen from them, in a culture that did nothing to stop it or prevent it from happening to others,” he said.
努南说：“这并不是一个有关足球的案子，也不是关于大学的案子。它是关于那些孩子的童真被玷污的问题，而且是在这样一个文化环境中出现的问题。在这里，有关人员没有采取任何行动来阻止或预防这类事件在其他孩子身上重演。”
There had been other allegations against Sandusky which had also been ignored.
桑达斯基过去还受到过其他指称，可是这些也被忽视了。
Similar scandals with attempted cover-ups have affected other schools in the United States, as well as the Catholic Church.
在美国的其他学校以及天主教会，也发生过类似的性侵案件，出事机构也曾企图掩盖这些丑闻。
In recent decades, thousands of victims have come forward saying they were sexually abused as children by Catholic priests.
最近几十年，数以千计的受害者挺身而出，说他们小时候曾经遭受天主教神父的性侵犯。
Jon O’Brien, president of a Washington-based group called Catholics for Choice, says the Catholic Church made huge mistakes in dealing with its own scandals.
设在华盛顿的天主教自由选择组织的负责人奥布莱恩说，天主教会在处理其自身的丑闻方面犯了巨大的错误。
"The sexual abuse of children was outrageous," he said. "The cover-up, the subsequent cover-up, though, is what I think fundamentally disappoints and hurts so many of us, inside and outside the Church. Because we recognize that there has not been the type of far-reaching efforts to both identify what went wrong and what was the mindset that actually cannot admit, 'We made a mistake.'"
奥布莱恩说：“对儿童进行性侵犯是令人无法容忍的行径。而我认为，后来掩盖这样的丑闻又让人非常失望，并且伤害了天主教会内外的许多人。因为我们承认，教会并没有做出极大的努力来查明出问题的原因以及究竟是什么心态使我们不敢认错。”
The Penn State University board of trustees moved quickly after the arrest to fire top university officials and coach Paterno. The board is now forming a special committee to investigate the school’s handling of the still unfolding Sandusky scandal.
桑达斯基被捕之后，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的董事会迅速采取行动，解雇了几名最高层管理人员和主教练帕特诺。董事会还成立了一个特别委员会，调查该校是如何处理仍在发展的桑达斯基丑闻的
11.21
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is promoting U.S. economic engagement with Asia during the East Asia Summit in Bali. The secretary focused her public remarks on increasing economic ties to the region.
美国国务卿克林顿在印尼巴厘岛参加东亚峰会期间促进美国对亚洲的经济参与。
In an address to a group attending an ASEAN Business Summit, Secretary Clinton spoke about one of the main objectives of the U.S. policy of increased engagement in Southeast Asia, creating more business opportunities and jobs for Americans.
在东南亚国家联盟的一项企业峰会上，克林顿国务卿谈到美国扩大参与东南亚事务的主要目的之一是，为美国人创造更多商业机会和就业机会。
“We each recognize that economic policy is foreign policy and foreign policy is economic policy. And by strengthening diplomacy and presence abroad, we can strengthen our economies back home and actually vice-versa,” Clinton said.
克林顿说：“我们都体认到经济政策就是外交政策，外交政策就是经济政策。通过加强外交和对外国事务的参与，我们能够加强我们的国内经济。而且事实上，反之亦然。”
The Secretary of State said while trade between the U.S. and Southeast Asia has tripled over the last 20 years, it still accounts for only 6 percent of U.S. global trade. And with the region home to some of the fastest economies in the world, rich in natural resources and growing domestic markets, the potential for American trade and investment opportunities is great.
克林顿国务卿表示，虽然美国和东南亚国家的双边贸易在过去20年里增加了三倍，但仍然只占美国全球贸易的百分之六。由于这个地区拥有一些全世界最快速增长的经济，拥有丰富的天然资源，以及不断增长的国内市场，因此美国对这个地区的贸易和投资机会潜力是非常巨大的。
The United States however is competing with China to develop southeast Asian markets. ASEAN Secretary General Surin Pitsuwan says China is currently the number one trading partner with ASEAN countries.
东盟秘书长素林表示，中国目前是东盟最大的贸易伙伴。
"We have already reached $300 billion a year towards trade. I think prime minister of China Wen Jiabao has put the figure at $500 billion for the year 2015, very ambitious, but things seem to be going in the right direction,” Clinton stated.
素林说：“我们和中国之间的贸易已经达到每年3千亿美元，中国总理**已经将2015年的目标定在5千亿美元。尽管显得过高，但现在正朝着这个目标迈进。”
Secretary Clinton wants more opportunities for American firms to compete in this economic arena and wants ASEAN to reduce trade barriers and apply the same rules to all investors. “We have to start by insisting on economic competition that is open, free, transparent and fair. That means taking on rules that prevent foreign investors from competing with local businesses to produce better goods and services,” she said.
克林顿国务卿希望美国企业在这个经济区域有更多的竞争机会，希望东盟减少贸易壁垒，并对所有投资者的要求相同。克林顿说：“我们必须以坚持经济竞争是公开、自由、透明和公平的方式开始。这意味着必须要取消用来防止外国投资者和本地企业竞争的规定，以创造更好的商品和服务。”
She says the United States is now pushing back on unfair trade practices. She says these efforts have helped increase efforts by the Obama administration to help U.S. companies like construction equipment maker Caterpillar build a new plant in Indonesia, and aircraft manufacturer Boeing secure multi billion dollar deals with Thai Airways and Indonesia's Lion Air.
克林顿表示，美国现在致力遏止不公平的贸易措施。她表示，这有助于奥巴马政府扩大努力，协助美国企业，如建材制造商“卡特比勒”在印度尼西亚设立新工厂，以及波音飞机制造公司和泰国航空公司以及印尼雄师航空公司达成了数十亿美元的合同。
Clinton says the U.S. supports ASEAN efforts to develop a Trans Pacific Trade Agreement that would create a regional legal frame work for trade and investment and would include standards for worker protections and the environment.
克林顿表示，美国支持东南亚国家联盟发展“泛太平洋贸易协议”的努力，为贸易和投资建立一个区域性的法律框架，为劳工保护和环境保护设定标准。
【11.22】
[双语新闻] 美澳宣布扩大军事合作
The United States and Australia have announced expanded military cooperation aimed at bolstering security in the Asia-Pacific region. President Barack Obama and Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard announced the agreement after his arrival for a one-day visit.
美国和澳大利亚宣布，针对加强亚太地区安全扩大军事合作。这是美国总统奥巴马抵达澳大利亚进行一天访问之后，由奥巴马总统和澳大利亚总理吉拉德共同宣布的。
Air Force One touched down after the 10-hour flight from Honolulu, where Obama hosted the APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) summit, focusing on expanding regional free trade.
奥巴马总统的空军一号专机从檀香山飞行10小时后抵达澳大利亚。奥巴马总统在檀香山主持了亚太经济合作会议高峰会，会议的重点是扩大区域自由贸易。
A full ceremonial welcome followed at Parliament House, complete with national anthems and a 21-gun salute.
在澳大利亚国会大厦，奥巴马总统受到全面的礼仪欢迎，包括演奏两国国歌和21发礼炮致敬。
Standing with President Obama, Prime Minister Julia Gillard announced an "enhancement" of the 60 year ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand, U.S.) Treaty, in which as many as 2,500 U.S. Marines will rotate through bases in the north.
和奥巴马总统并肩而站的澳大利亚总理吉拉德宣布了一项强化有60年历史的美澳纽安全条约(ANZUS)的协议， 根据这项协约，多达2500名美国海军陆战队员将在澳大利亚北部的基地轮流部署。
“We are a region that is growing economically, but stability is important for economic growth too, and our alliance has been a bedrock for stability in our region. So building on our alliance through this new initiative is about stability,” Gillard said.
吉拉德总理说：“我们所在的区域经济不断增长，但是稳定也对经济增长至关重要，美澳联盟是我们地区稳定的基石，因此，通过这项新的协议来强固我们的联盟，目的就是为了区域稳定。”
The "force posture initiatives", as a White House statement describes them, will begin in mid-2012 with 250 U.S. Marines deployed and conducting exercises and training in Darwin and bases in Northern Australia. This would expand to a 2,500-person Marine Air Ground Task Force.
这项白宫称之为《力量态势倡议》的协议将从2012年中期，开始部署250名美国海军陆战队员，并且在达尔文和澳大利亚北部的基地进行演习和训练。这个协议项目将增加到2500人的陆海空特遣部队的参与。
There would also be closer cooperation between the two countries' air forces, involving what White House officials called "a significant increase" in rotations of U.S. aircraft through northern Australia and prepositioning of equipment and supplies.
两国空军也将进行更密切的合作，包括白宫官员所说的，美国军机大幅增加在澳大利亚北部的轮调，以及预先配置补给和设备。
Both leaders fielded reporter's questions about the extent to which the agreement is designed as part of the response to rising capabilities of China in the Asia-Pacific region.
President Obama put his answer in the context of what he calls the overall message for China, about being a world power in an economically important region.
"With their rise comes increased responsibilities," said the president. "It is important for them to play by the rules of the road and, in fact, help underwrite the rules that have allowed so much remarkable econ progress to be made over the last several decades. And, that is going to be true on a whole host of issues."
President Obama, Prime Minister Gillard, and U.S. officials say a major objective of the agreement is also to increase the ability of the United States to quickly assist countries in East and Southeast Asia, and train and exercise with them, in such areas as anti-piracy and disaster response.
奥巴马总统，吉拉德总理以及美国官员表示，这项协议的一个主要目标也是为了促进美国能快速协助东亚和东南亚国家的能力，并且在打击海盗以及灾难回应等方面，为这些国家提供训练，并一起进行演习。
The president says the U.S. message to the entire region is "we are here to stay." A White House official says the United States is maintaining its security capabilities and alliances in Northeast Asia while enhancing them in Southeast Asia.
奥巴马总统说，美国给整个亚太地区的信息是“我们要在这里停留”。一名白宫官员说，美国正在东北亚维持其维稳能力以及盟友关系，同时在东南亚加强这些作为。
Obama's speech to Australia's Parliament on Thursday is expected to communicate a broad U.S. economic and security vision for the Asia-Pacific region, emphasizing the importance of stability and the region's potential.
奥巴马星期四对澳大利亚议会发表演讲，预期他将表达美国为亚太地区所制定的一个范围广泛的经济和安全展望，他将强调稳定的重要性，以及亚太地区的潜力。
A White House official says he will also address questions and concerns in the region about tough budget choices Washington needs to make and whether these will make it hard to maintain or increase the U.S. security presence.
白宫一名官员说，奥巴马也将在这个地区谈到一些问题和关注，包括华盛顿必须在预算问题上作出的困难选择，以及是否预算问题将使得美国难以维持，或难以扩大部署维稳军力。
In the northern city, Darwin, Thursday, Obama will speak directly to Australian soldiers and U.S. Marines at a Royal Australian Air Force Base.
奥巴马总统星期四将在北部城市达尔文的一个皇家澳大利亚空军基地，直接向澳大利亚军人，以及美国海军陆战队员发表讲话。
11.25报告：非洲未准备好应对人口老化
A new report says African governments are ill prepared to handle the growing number of people over age 65. The African Development Bank is raising concerns over the lack of health insurance and pensions.
一份新的报告说，非洲政府还没准备好应对年龄65以上人口持续增加的问题。非洲开发银行对这个年龄层的人缺乏医疗保险和退休金忧心忡忡。
The report says the population in Africa, as in other parts of the world, is getting older. Currently, there are 36 million people on the continent 65 years and above. That’s 3.6 percent of the population, up from 3.3 percent 10 years ago. That could rise to 4.5 percent by 2030 and 10 percent by 2050.
这份报告说，非洲像世界其他地方一样都面临了人口老化。目前，非洲大陆65岁以上的人达到3千6百万人。这是占非洲总人口的3.6%，10年前这个数字只有3.3%。老龄人口可能在2030年前增加到4.5% ，在2050年前达到10%。
No safety nets
The African Development Bank says, “Aging is highly linked with long-term physical and mental disability and a number of long-term chronic conditions.”
非洲开发银行说，“老化和长期身心障碍和许多慢性病都有高度相关”。
“Africa is not well prepared to care for its aging population right now. But…it needs to prepare for this phenomenon,” said Professor Mthuli Ncube, the African Development Bank’s chief economist.
努库比教授是非洲开发银行的首席经济学家。努库比说：“现在非洲人口老化的照顾工作还不完善，但非洲必须为这个现象作好准备。”
African nations spend far less on healthcare than developed nations do -- about $26 per person per year.
非洲国家的保健开支远比发达国家低，每年每人平均只有26美元。
“Not so many countries have well developed medical aid schemes for the elderly, whether they are privately provided schemes or indeed government schemes. And number two, if you look at the pension schemes, the pension industries, (they’re) not well developed in some of the countries. And here one is talking of a pension industry where both the employer and employee, while the employee is at a working age, contribute. These types of industries are also not well developed,” he said.
努库比说：“许多国家都没有发展老年人医疗体系，无论是私部门或政府提供的体系。其次，一些国家的退休金体系或产业也不健全。我们谈退休产业是还在工作年龄的雇员和雇主一同付的退休金。这种类型的产业也还没建立起来。”
The bank’s report says “contributory pension plans” cover very few people due to the nature of many jobs and livelihoods. Most of the population works in the informal or agricultural sectors that offer little, if any, social security protection.
非洲开发银行的报告说，由于许多工作本身的性质，只有很少人受惠于退休金计划。大部分非洲人的工作都是非正式或者和农业相关，这些工作所能提供的社会保障很少。
The report adds that households headed by older Africans are among the poorest. For example, in Kenya and Tanzania, such households have a poverty rate over 20% higher than the national average.
这份报告还指出，由非洲老年人主掌的家庭是最贫穷的之一。例如，在肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚，这种家庭的贫穷率比全国平均高出了20%。
Time to act
Ncube said African governments failed to take action on health insurance and pensions because they were busy with economic reforms.
努库比说，非洲政府因为忙于发展经济，未能对医疗保险和退休金采取行动。
“If you look at what happened in Africa in the 80s, which is when quite a bit of the reforms were done, it was about economic structural adjustment. It was about macroeconomic stability. But now it’s time to move to the second phase, which is regulatory reforms. It’s about deepening capital markets, unleashing new institutions. All things that are regulatory need to be put in place as the second level of institution building,” he said.
努库比说：“上世纪80年代的非洲，当时一些关于经济结构的改革已经完成，那个目的是宏观经济的稳定。但现在应该要到第二阶段了，那就是管理改革，像深化资本市场、建立新的机构。所有这些管理措施都必须在建立制度的第二阶段完成。”
Another challenge for Africa is the decline of informal systems of social protection. That is, cash and support from both the extended family and community sources.
非洲另一个挑战是，社会保障的非正式体系在率退。那就是来自大家庭和社区的现金和支持变少。
“The extended family issue is still embedded in the African culture. But over time, it’s going to get eroded as middle class values set in, as urbanization accelerates. We estimate that the urban population will grow from something like 40 percent currently to closer to 75 percent in 50 years time. All of that erodes the extended family culture and systems and all of that,” he said.
努库比说：“大家庭仍深植于非洲文化。但随着时间推移，受到中产阶级价值的影响以及都市化加速，它在逐渐式微。我们估计，都市人口将在50年的时间里从现在的40%变成75%。这些都将使大家庭文化和体系没落。”
As the extended family erodes, he said, the nuclear family will become dominant. A nuclear family is defined as a mother, father and children sharing living quarters.
随着大家庭没落，他说，核心家庭会变成主流。核心家庭的定义是居住在一起的父母亲和小孩。
The African Development Bank recommends governments help implement health insurance and pension plans.
非洲开发银行建议政府协助实施医疗保险和退休金计划。
“Even at the current level of population of just over a billion people, there is a burgeoning middle class. The middle class are naturally living longer. Even people who are in the rural areas are also beginning to live longer. So over time, the next 50 years, the issue of the elderly will become a problem,” said Ncube.
努库比说：“即使从现在10亿的人口水平来看，中产阶级在兴起。中产阶级本来就比较长寿。即使是在乡村地区，人们的寿命也开始变长，所以在未来50年，老年人口将形成一个问题。”
What’s more, there are fewer caregivers because of the millions who’ve died from HIV/AIDS. This can be seen in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe and Swaziland.
更重要的是，非洲有数百万人死于艾滋病使得照顾老年人的人变少。这在南非、博茨瓦纳、莱索托、津巴布韦和斯威士兰都有这样的情况。
Ncube said African governments don’t have to handle the health insurance burden alone.
努库比说，非洲政府不一定得一肩担起医疗保险的重担。
“Not only is it an imperative,” he said, ”but also it’s an opportunity for the private sector to add its bit in this regard, you know, the launch of privately owned companies, health care insurance, medical insurance and all of that. All these are private sector opportunities that are there to be taken.”
努库比说：“不仅因为这很急迫，这对私部门来说也是参与例如成立私人企业、健康照顾保险、医疗保险的机会。这些都是私部门的机会。”
The report also recommends that African governments consider providing access to both free and subsidized health services, medications and long-term health care facilities for the elderly.
报告同时建议，非洲政府可以考虑对老年人提供免费和受补助的健康服务、医疗和长期健康照顾机构。
共和党总统参选人辩论美国外交政策
Republican candidates who want to replace President Barack Obama sparred in Washington Tuesday night in one of the few televised debates centered on foreign policy issues.
希望取代奥巴马总统的共和党总统参选人星期二晚间在电视上辩论美国的外交政策。
The candidates gathered just a few blocks away from the White House - where they each hope to spend the next four years.
这些共和党参选人的辩论场地距离白宫仅仅几条街。他们都想在今后四年期间做白宫的主人。
Two former governors - Jon Huntsman of Utah and Mitt Romney of Massachusetts - clashed over Afghanistan.
两位前州长 --前犹他州州长洪博培和前麻萨诸塞州州长罗姆尼--在阿富汗问题上针锋相对。
First, Romney asked Hunstman, "Are you suggesting, governor that we just take all our troops out next week? What's your proposal?"
罗姆尼说：“你是说，州长，我们下个星期就把我们所有的部队撤出？ 你到底是什么建议？”
"Did you hear what I just said? I said, 'We should draw down from 100,000.' We don't need 100,000 troops," said Hunstman. "We don't need 100,000 troops, many of whom can't even cross the wire ."
洪博培说：“你没有听到我刚说的话？我说：我们应该把十万驻军的数量减少。我们不需要十万驻军。我们不需要其中很多人根本碰不到敌军的十万驻军。”
But the Heritage Foundation's Jim Carafano says global issues will change before any of these candidates can become president.
但是，传统基金会的卡拉法诺表示，在任何其中一位参选人能够成为美国总统之前，世界面临的问题就可能发生变化。
"The most important thing in the debate is listening less to say 'What would I do if I were president today' - which is irrelevant - to what kind of character do they have," said Carafano. "What kind of commander-in-chief they are going to be. Are they going to put what's right over what's easy."
卡拉法诺说：“这项辩论的最重要事情不是听他们说：‘如果我今天是总统我会怎么做。’这根本无关紧要，而是要了解他们是什么样的人，会成为什么样的三军统帅。他们是否能坚持正确的作法，而不是避重就轻？”
A current governor, Rick Perry of Texas, explained how he would handle Iran if elected president:
一位现任州长 - 德克萨斯州州长佩里，解释了他如果当选总统他将如何处理伊朗问题。
"When you sanction the Iranian Central Bank, that will shut down that economy," said Perry. "At that particular time, they truly have to deal with the United States."
佩里说：“制裁伊朗的中央银行，让他们的经济停摆。到那个时候，他们就必须认真和美国打交道。”
But what about American allies in Europe that depend on Iranian oil?
但是，美国在欧洲的那些依赖伊朗石油的盟友会怎么样呢？
Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich said, "We ought to have a massive, all sources energy program in the United States designed to once again create a surplus of energy here," said Gingrich. "So we could say to the Europeans, pretty cheerfully, that with all the various sources of oil we have in the United States we could literally replace the Iranian oil."
前众院议长金里奇说：“我们在美国应该有一个大规模、全方位的能源计划，目标是让美国有充足的能源。这样我们就可以轻松地对欧洲人说，我们美国这里有多种的石油资源，基本能够取代伊朗的石油。”
The Republican candidates criticized current U.S. foreign policy, even though opinion surveys show it is President Barack Obama's strength.
尽管民意调查显示外交政策是奥巴马总统的强项，但是这些共和党总统参选人仍然对美国当前的外交政策提出批评。
"There's going to be a referendum on that on how well it's worked," said James Carafano. "I think what's important is people have to distinguish what that is and how what they want to do is different than that. And, I don't think I heard that yet from any of these candidates."
传统基金会的卡拉法诺说：“美国的外交政策是否有效，选民将自有定论。我想，重要的是，人们必须听到现行外交政策和这些候选人所希望实行政策之间的区别。根据我所听到的参选人讲话，没有任何人做到了这一点。”
In six weeks, the Republican candidates will face their toughest test yet. The Iowa caucuses are the first major event leading up to selection of the Republican presidential nominee.
还有六个星期，这些共和党参选人将面对他们最严厉的考验。爱奥华州初选是共和党总统候选人获得提名的第一场大战。
为穷人送火鸡：慈善是感恩节一部分
The Thanksgiving holiday, celebrated in the U.S. on the last Thursday of November is a big date, but for those with a low income, getting a traditional dinner on the table can be a struggle. In Denver, Colorado, the Volunteers of America charity is preparing a food drive to make sure those families get the food they need.
就美国人的传统假日来说，感恩节当天的晚餐算是一件大事儿。但是对那些收入不高的家庭来说，感恩节大餐的费用不算小事。在科罗拉多州的丹佛市，慈善机构“美国志愿者”(Volunteers of America)为了能在感恩节让收入不高的家庭也都能吃上节日大餐，展开了收集食品的行动。
Volunteers of America helper Rodney Cunningham unloads boxes of Thanksgiving food for low-income families. He’ll be getting a box himself to feed his four children and grandchildren.
坎宁汉姆说，他知道这一活动的意义，因为他本人就将领取一份食品箱，让他四个孩子和孙辈也能吃上节日大餐。
“This Thanksgiving box is very important because I don’t receive food stamps or anything," he explains, "so this is the only way that I would be able to get a Turkey and the other things going with it.”
他说：“感恩节食品箱很重要，因为我本人不拿政府发的食品券，也不拿任何其他的补贴，这个食品箱是我唯一能够领得一只火鸡和其它感恩节食品的方式。”
Cunningham and other volunteers are sorting the food into 1,500 baskets ready to deliver on Thanksgiving Day. The baskets will be filled with all sorts of tasty treats that make up a traditional Thanksgiving meal. Demand has been greater than ever this year, Cunningham says.
坎宁汉姆和其他义工把食物分成1500个篮子，准备好在感恩节当天发放。“美国志愿者”都将装满食物的篮子，送给这一地区的低收入家庭或者是个人。篮子里装的，是传统的感恩节大餐美味。坎宁汉姆说，今年，对这些食品篮的需求量，比往年似乎都要大。
“One of the reasons why it’s really important is because the economy is pretty bad and a lot of people have a need for extra food. They don’t have any food at all.”
他说：“把这些篮子准备好的原因之一，是当下的经济状况比较糟，很多人都需要额外的食物来源。有些人什么食物来源都没有。”
Jim White, director of community affairs at the charity, says local residents donate the food.
吉姆.怀特是“美国志愿者”的地区事务主任，他说捐献食品是个不小的贡献。
“These individuals donated over 148 tons of food but it takes a huge amount of food as you can imagine to do 1,500 food baskets complete with stuffing and cranberries and pumpkin and fresh produce and then they are all topped off with a 15-pound (6.8-kilogram) frozen turkey,” he explains.
他说：“这些好心人捐出了超过148吨食品，不过要装好1500个食品篮需要大量食品，要有火鸡填料、蔓越莓酱、南瓜，还有新鲜蔬菜。最重要的是，每份都有一只15磅重的冷冻火鸡。”
Thanksgiving is not just about eating well, he adds.
他说感恩节不仅仅意味着吃一次大餐。
“Whatever your situation is we all have a lot to be thankful for," White says. "And Thanksgiving should be viewed as a verb not a noun and what better way to give thanks than to help somebody out that you know is struggling right now.”
怀特说：“不论你的情况如何，我们都有很多人和事要感恩。感恩不仅仅是个名词，还是个动词，要付出实际行动。有什么比帮助那些深处困境的人更能表达感恩意义的呢？”
Making sure people get a good Thanksgiving dinner is, for Cunningham, the best part of his work.
坎宁汉姆说，让人们能有一次感恩大餐是他工作中最有意义的部分。
“They are very happy. They are blessed and it makes me feel to good to see the smiles on their faces, you know, it’s like you can see their stomach get big like they are full,” White says.
他说：“他们非常高兴，他们受到呵护，他们脸上露出微笑这让我感到特别高兴。”
And that is what drives him to keep volunteering.
他说，这样的景象让他们感到付出的艰辛很值得。
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