美国研究发现治疗亨德拉病毒抗体
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2011/Pages/HendraVirus.aspxAntibody Treatment Protects Monkeys from Hendra Virus Disease
A human antibody given to monkeys infected with the deadly Hendra virus completely protected them from disease, according to a study published by National Institutes of Health (NIH) scientists and their collaborators. Hendra and the closely related Nipah virus, both rare viruses that are part of the NIH biodefense research program, target the lungs and brain and have human case fatality rates of 60 percent and more than 75 percent, respectively. These diseases in monkeys mirror what happens in humans, and the study results are cause for hope that the antibody, named m102.4, ultimately may be developed into a possible treatment for people who become infected with these viruses.
Hendra virus
Courtesy Dr. Alex Hyatt, AAHL
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In May 2010, shortly after the NIH study in monkeys successfully concluded, Australian health officials requested m102.4 for emergency use in a woman and her 12-year-old daughter. They had been exposed to Hendra virus from an ill horse that ultimately was euthanized. Both the woman and child survived and showed no side effects from the treatment.
“This is an important research advance that illustrates how scientific discoveries emerge through a steady stepwise process, and how our investment in research on countermeasures for biodefense and emerging infectious diseases can help global preparedness efforts,” said Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of the NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Hendra virus emerged in 1994 in Australia and primarily affects horses, which can spread the disease to humans. No person-to-person transmission of Hendra has been reported. Nipah virus emerged in 1998 in Malaysia, and also has been found in Bangladesh and India. Nipah appears to infect humans more easily than Hendra and can be transmitted from person to person.
The NIAID-supported study, which appears online in Science Translational Medicine, involved infecting 14 African green monkeys with a lethal dose of Hendra virus. Twelve of the monkeys then received two treatments with m102.4, one either at 10, 24, or 72 hours after being infected, and another 48 hours later. All 12 monkeys treated with the antibody survived. The two untreated control monkeys died eight days after being infected.
The findings are the result of a series of studies carried out by different research laboratories. A group from NIH’s National Cancer Institute and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) discovered m102.4 in 2006 and developed the antibody for use in laboratory research. USUHS and Australian collaborators then developed an animal study model of m102.4 in ferrets infected with Nipah virus; the University of Texas Medical Branch and USUHS developed a monkey study model of Hendra and Nipah infection; and together with investigators from Boston University and NIAID’s Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) designed and carried out the antibody trial in biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) laboratory space at RML. Because the Hendra and Nipah viruses are so deadly and there is no licensed vaccine or treatment for either of them, both viruses must be studied in maximum-containment BSL-4 laboratories.
The World Health Organization reports 475 human cases of Nipah through 2008, with 251 deaths. Through the same period, there have been seven human Hendra cases with four fatalities. There also have been many horse fatalities. In their study, the scientists cite a handful of other outbreaks of Hendra virus in horses since 2008. Since June 2011, there have been 18 outbreaks in Australia, primarily in Queensland and New South Wales, with the latest reported Oct. 10.
Both viruses are spread by fruit bats, commonly known as flying foxes, which are reservoirs for these viruses. The fruit bats, which are resistant to the diseases, are found primarily in Australia but have been found as far west as Africa, north to India and Pakistan, and east to the Philippines.
Additional studies on m102.4 as a possible treatment and as a preventive vaccine for Nipah and Hendra virus infections are being planned.
美国国家卫生研究院等机构研究人员10月19日公布的报告显示，一种名为m102.4的人类单克隆抗体可以有效治疗感染亨德拉病毒的猴子，这为战胜这种致命病毒提供了新希望。
亨德拉病毒是一种罕见病毒，因较强传染性而引起世人关注。美国国家卫生研究院等机构研究人员首先在蒙大拿州一个保护严密的实验室为14只非洲绿猴注射了致命剂量的亨德拉病毒，其中12只绿猴随后两次注射m102.4。实验结果显示，接受治疗的绿猴全部存活，另两只未接受治疗的绿猴在感染病毒8天后死去。
据研究人员介绍，他们2010年5月完成这项实验，之后澳大利亚卫生官员曾请求他们提供m102.4用于一名女性及其12岁女儿的紧急治疗。这两人曾因接触一只最终被安乐死的病马而感染亨德拉病毒。最终，接受m102.4治疗后，这两人均痊愈，并且没有不良反应。
亨德拉病毒最初名为马麻疹病毒，它能攻击患者的肺部和大脑，死亡率高达60%。
亨德拉病毒（HendraVirus，HeV），亨德拉病毒旧称马科麻疹病毒（EquineMorbillivirus），后重新被命名为亨德拉病毒。亨德拉病毒是一种新的人畜共患病毒性疾病病毒，于1994年～1995年在澳大利亚昆士兰州布里斯班郊区的亨德拉首次被发现，能引起严重的呼吸道疾病这种病毒造成的疾病的典型特征是严重的呼吸困难和高死亡率，还表现为人接触性感染。
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