【第二部分】Equipment
Most of the necessary equipment can be found in commercially available kits. These kits typically include skin-preparation solution and a drape, lidocaine, sterile gauze, non-Luer lock syringes, a scalpel, a catheter, a dilator, several needles, and a guidewire. You will also need a sterile gown, sterile gloves, a surgical cap, a mask with a face shield, and drapes to cover the patient’s entire body. Flush solution is also not commonly found in the kits. Determine the catheter length and depth of placement by referring to the patient’s external landmarks. The tip of the catheter should
reach the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Common catheters used range from 4-French catheters for infants to 7-French catheters for adults; 11.5-French catheters may be used for dialysis. Because the risk of infection increases with an increasing number of lumens, a catheter with the fewest number of lumens required should be used.
设备
市场上可以购买到的成套设备包括了大部分必需设备。这些设备一般包括备皮工具，洞巾，利多卡因，无菌纱布，非气密式微量注射器，手术刀，导管，扩张器，针，导丝。你也需要准备无菌手术衣，无菌手套，无菌帽子，遮住全脸的面罩，覆盖患者整个身体的洞巾。冲洗液一般不包括在成套设备中。考虑患者的体表标志决定导管的放置的长度和深度。导管的尖端应该到达右心房和上腔静脉的交汇点。婴幼儿使用4—French直径导管，成人使用7—French直径导管。透析病人使用11.5—French直径导管。随着导管腔数的增加，感染的风险增加，导管的腔数应当尽可能的少但要保证够用。 |
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发表于 2011-5-5 10:47
