表皮葡萄球菌引起的医院感染：共生菌怎么会变成致病菌？
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006 Aug;28 Suppl 1:S14-20. Epub 2006 Jul 7.Nosocomial infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis: how a commensal bacterium turns into a pathogen.
表皮葡萄球菌引起的医院感染：共生菌怎么会变成致病菌？
Ziebuhr W, Hennig S, Eckart M, Kränzler H, Batzilla C, Kozitskaya S.
Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. w.ziebuhr@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal bacterium of the human skin. However, S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) emerge also as common nosocomial pathogens infecting immunocompromized patients carrying medical devices. Antibiotic resistance and the ability of many nosocomial S. epidermidis isolates to form biofilms on inert surfaces make these infections hard to treat. Epidemiological analyses using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and genetic studies suggest that S. epidermidis isolates in the hospital environment differ from those obtained outside of medical facilities with respect to biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and the presence of mobile DNA elements. Since S. epidermidis isolates exhibit high genome flexibility, they are now regarded as reservoirs for the evolution and spread of resistance traits within nosocomial bacterial communities. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal bacterium of the human skin. (表皮葡萄球菌是人类皮肤的共生菌。)However, S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) emerge also as common nosocomial pathogens infecting immunocompromized patients carrying medical devices. （但是，表葡和其他凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌已成为威胁免疫低下患者的常见医院感染致病菌之一。）Antibiotic resistance and the ability of many nosocomial S. epidermidis isolates to form biofilms on inert surfaces make these infections hard to treat. （抗生素耐药性和导管表面生物膜中的表葡使得治疗非常困难。）Epidemiological analyses using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and genetic studies suggest that S. epidermidis isolates in the hospital environment differ from those obtained outside of medical facilities with respect to biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and the presence of mobile DNA elements. （用MLST和其它基因研究对其流行病学分析发现医院环境中的表葡菌特性不同于其他地方，如生物膜形成，抗生素耐药性以及存在可移动DNA元件。）Since S. epidermidis isolates exhibit high genome flexibility, they are now regarded as reservoirs for the evolution and spread of resistance traits within nosocomial bacterial communities.（因为表葡表现出高度的基因组多样性，他们现在被认为致医院感染细菌群体进化和耐药性扩散链的重要环节。）
回复 #2 David 的帖子
很好的内容，已拜读。谢谢！我也常有困惑，微生物培养结果，到底是优势菌？还是病原菌？
通常可能存在于标本的微生物有优势菌就有弱势菌，优势菌繁殖，会影响弱势菌的生长。但也许弱势菌就是病原菌呢？也说不定。所以标本内有“优势菌”、“弱势菌”“病原菌”、“定植菌”、“共生菌”、“污染菌”、“杂菌”等之说，感到挺复杂的。
回复 #2 David 的帖子
因为表葡表现出高度的基因组多样性，他们现在被认为致医院感染细菌群体进化和耐药性扩散链的重要环节。MRCNS是不是也需要与MRSA一样需要采取消毒隔离措施？:o MRCNS是不是也需要与MRSA一样需要采取消毒隔离措施？: 现在MRCNS已经不算少见了，如果隔离这样的病人太困难了，还不如对感染高风险的病人采取保护性隔离措施。 {:1_10:}这些工程真不是一般的大。。。谢谢老师们提供的好资料。。。
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