2008年美国CDC发布的医疗机构消毒和灭菌指南
Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008曾听浙江CDC的胡国庆主任提起，正在翻译这篇文献。不知道是否已经完成？ 回复 1# icchina
这个指南近期一直在拜读，看后觉得我国在消毒灭菌方面，存在不少误区。SIFIC作为我国最大的专业论坛，我认为有责任有义务将这些对我国感控工作将起到极大推动作用的指南，以及其他有价值的文献翻译出来，供广大专业人员学习、实践，避免很多在发达国家已经成为供识的东西，而在我国却还在黑暗中摸索，这是毫无意义的。当然，我们要学的不仅仅是指南及其他文献的内容，关键是学习别人的思考方法，再研究出我们本土的东东。 中国感染控制杂志上好像已经有译文刊出了 我们有必要将该指南翻译出来，以助于纠正大陆目前感控工作中的误区。 听说胡老师正在组织人员正在翻译，相信不久的将来将会看到翻译版本 回复 5# laywin
原汁原味的东东是否比翻译的作品更有趣。呵呵。 希望能看到翻译件，为基层医院感染控制人员开拓视野提供方便。 我翻译了一下目录，下周整理一下，发上来，请大家指教。 如果需要，我也可以承担一部分翻译任务的啊！很愿意效劳！ 我开了一个新帖子，将翻译好的目录，传上去了，见http://bbs.sific.com.cn/thread-47813-1-1.html 中国感染控制杂志第2、3、4期分别刊登了清洗、医疗机构环境表面清洁与消毒、消毒灭菌方法选择 回复 1# icchina
不如把这个指南分割一下，让广大会员都参与翻译工作。还有2009年的手卫生指南也可以号召大家 共同参与翻译的，这本身就是我们论坛的一大优势。 我也想参加翻译工作，不知是否可以？ 谢谢老师发的课件，我会好好学习，并分享的。 好东东,{:1_7:}论坛有宝藏啊 Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008
公共卫生机构感控灭菌指南2008
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008, presents
evidence-based recommendations on the preferred methods for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of patient-care medical devices and for cleaning and disinfecting the healthcare environment. 公共卫生机构感控灭菌指南，2008，提供了更好的有依据的建议在清洁、抗感染、灭菌、病人诊疗过程和卫生环境的清洁抗感染。This document supercedes the relevant sections contained in the 1985 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Guideline for Handwashing and Environmental Control. 这个文件打理了相关有关于在1985年出台的有关手卫生和环境疾病控制指南1 Because maximum effectiveness from disinfection and sterilization results from first cleaning and removing organic and inorganic materials, this document also reviews cleaning methods. 因为最有效的感控和灭菌取决于清洁和移植器官和体外的物品，这些东西同事也反映清洁的方法。The chemical disinfectants discussed for patient-care equipment include alcohols, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, iodophors, ortho-phthalaldehyde, peracetic acid, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorine. 化学消毒剂有关于诊疗设备的如，酒精
、戊二醛、甲醛、过氧化氢、碘伏、ortho-phthalaldehyde、过氧乙酸、季胺化合物、氯化物。 The choice of disinfectant, concentration, and exposure time is based on the risk for infection associated with use of the equipment and other factors discussed in this guideline. 消毒剂，浓度和曝光时间的选择是基于使用的设备和在此指南讨论的其他因素。
The sterilization methods discussed include steam sterilization, ethylene oxide (ETO), hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and liquid peracetic acid. 讨论的灭菌方法包括蒸汽灭菌，环氧乙烷（ETO），过氧化氢等离子气体，和液体过氧乙酸。
When properly used, these cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization processes can reduce the risk for infection associated with use of invasive and noninvasive medical and surgical devices.
如果使用得当，这些清洗，消毒和灭菌处理可以减少侵入性和非侵入性的医疗和手术器械的使用与相关感染的风险。 However, for these processes to be effective, health-care workers should adhere strictly to the cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization recommendations in this document and to instructions on product labels.
然而，这些过程依赖于有效的卫生保健工作者要坚持遵从此文件的灭菌建议并进行严格的清洗，消毒，并在产品标签上的指示。
In addition to updated recommendations, new topics addressed in this guideline include
除了上述建议，新在此指南的观点包括：
1）inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bioterrorist agents, emerging pathogens, and bloodborne pathogens;
具有抗药性的细菌， bioterrorist agents（这个不知道如何翻译），新出现的病原体，和血源性病原体;
2) toxicologic, environmental, and occupational concerns associated with disinfection and sterilization practices;
毒理学，有关工作环境和场合的感控消毒灭菌措施
disinfection of patient-care equipment used in ambulatory settings and home care;
诊疗设备在ambulatory setting和家庭治疗的感控。
new sterilization processes, such as hydrogen peroxide gas plasma and liquid peracetic acid; and 新的灭菌方法，如过氧化氢等离子气体和液体过氧乙酸;
5) disinfection of complex medical instruments (e.g., endoscopes).复杂的医疗器械进行消毒（如内窥镜）。 INTRODUCTION
引言
In the United States, approximately 46.5 million surgical procedures and even more invasive medical procedures—including approximately 5 million gastrointestinal endoscopies—are performed each year. 在美国，大约每年约46.5万甚至更多的外科手术和侵入性的操作正在进行，包括大约500万胃肠内镜。
Each procedure involves contact by a medical device or surgical instrument with a patient’s sterile tissue or mucous membranes. 每个操作涉及与病人的皮肤或粘膜的医疗器械的手术器械接触。
A major risk of all such procedures is the introduction of pathogens that can lead to infection. 所有这些操作的一个主要风险是病原体可以导致感染。 Failure to properly disinfect or sterilize equipment carries not only risk associated with breach of host barriers but also risk for person-to-person transmission (e.g., hepatitis B virus) and transmission of environmental pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
未能妥善消毒或消毒这些设备不破坏个人的免疫屏障，但对人与人感染增加了危险性（如B型肝炎病毒）和传输环境中的病原体（如绿脓杆菌）的风险有关。
Disinfection and sterilization are essential for ensuring that medical and surgical instruments do not transmit infectious pathogens to patients.
消毒灭菌，对于确保医疗和手术器械不传播病原体感染至关重要。
Because sterilization of all patient-care items is not necessary, health-care policies must identify, primarily on the basis of the items' intended use, whether cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization is indicated.
因为所有的病人诊疗用品的消毒是没有必要的，卫生政策必须有辨别的、主要是对项目的用途的基础上，无论的清洗，消毒，或灭菌应该被标记。
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